back to the question of voltage... in Japan they have 110V but enough to be used in an electric shock device (actually torturing devices need a transformer to apply very high voltage and low current as explained in this nice paper: see link)
anyhow... here an animated gif of an oriental girl (I found a complete series and I'll post)
View attachment 1344639
Nice article. To reduce, or maybe increase confusion about volts and amperes, I try to explain this further. When considering certain current path through humans body from one electrode to another, different voltage differences with same current can’t exist. Electric conductivity and current dictate voltage drop across those points. If current is increased, also voltage increases.
One should never use so called stiff voltage, like wall socket, in electric torture. Stiff means it can deliver very high currents without dropping voltage. The shock may not be bad if the skin is dry or contact point is small because conductivity is not very high and current stays low. Remember, there is always relation between conductivity, voltage and current. If for example skin moistens from sweat or something else, current can improve dramatically. 230V is capable on literally frying the flesh in seconds. I have cooked sausages by sticking two electrodes from wall socket. It don’t take more than few seconds.
When talking about torture devices and voltage/current, it typically means maximum values. Most devices are current limitted but they can also be limited by shock energy (joules), like for example defibrillators. Current limit means, as soon as current starts to flow, device drops it’s voltage into level where desired current flows.
For example, simple open transformer or choke works that way. If you connect voltage into coil, current starts to flow from power source, and energy is stored into transformer depending on it’s size and current. When voltage is suddenly being cut, current don’t want to stop flowing in an instant, like a running water in a pipe. Transformer raises it’s voltage into level where current starts to flow, keeping original ratio voltage times current same, but dropping linearly as energy in the coil decreases. Car’s ignition transformer works that way, being able to deliver about 20kV without giving deadly currents.
As a comparison, petting a cat can produce similar voltage but much smaller current. Needles to say which shock you’d rather take on your private area, if forced to do so.
What lever of voltage is needed for certain level of current (pain) depends in the length of the current path and the type of tissue what is between the electrodes. If contact is wide and well lubricated with conductive substance, like in most commercial (pleasure) devices, not much voltage is needed and the use is generally safer. Those typically work with pulses and adjustable frequency bursts. It has a great influence on how we sense the shock.
With zapping devices, initial voltage must be very high to form on arc but current levels much lower to avoid local nerve damage. Current tends to flow through the easiest path and nerves are the best conductors in human body. If spark with high energy strikes on human, it can damage nerves locally or cause burns.
In real torture devices, some level of damage was desirable since it causes the most intense pain.
I’m not expert on electro torture, but I know electricity and related phenomenas quite well. If you got this far, you probably know a bit more.