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Milestones
- Thread starter admihoek
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"Don't dream It...
...Be it"
RHPS
T
as you see be patient
Naraku
Draconarius
Important celebrations:
4 May - Star Wars Day. May the 4th be with you.
First celebrated in Toronto in 2011. The day may have originated with Margaret Thatcher becoming Britains first female PM on 4/5/79. An ad in the London Evening News read: "May the Fourth be with you, Maggie". Another origin may have been an interview given by George Lucas for a German TV show in 2005. When Lucas quoted the famous line, the interperater translated it as: Am 4 Mai sind wir bei Ihnen (We shall be with you on May 4).
5 May - Star Wars Sequal Day. The revenge of the fifth.
Also, cinco de mayo. A day celebrated mostly in the Mexican state of Puebla & the US. In the US, Mexican independence is celebrated with massive consumption of Mexican food, tequilla & Mexican beer.
6 May - For those who over did it on Cinco de Mayo, this the day of the true Revenge of the Fifth.
4 May - Star Wars Day. May the 4th be with you.
First celebrated in Toronto in 2011. The day may have originated with Margaret Thatcher becoming Britains first female PM on 4/5/79. An ad in the London Evening News read: "May the Fourth be with you, Maggie". Another origin may have been an interview given by George Lucas for a German TV show in 2005. When Lucas quoted the famous line, the interperater translated it as: Am 4 Mai sind wir bei Ihnen (We shall be with you on May 4).
5 May - Star Wars Sequal Day. The revenge of the fifth.
Also, cinco de mayo. A day celebrated mostly in the Mexican state of Puebla & the US. In the US, Mexican independence is celebrated with massive consumption of Mexican food, tequilla & Mexican beer.
6 May - For those who over did it on Cinco de Mayo, this the day of the true Revenge of the Fifth.
May 6 is the anniversary of one of the greatest disasters in the history of flight, a political assassination, and a killer earthquake. On the upside, it's the birthday of a movie star who has been photographed nude.
523. Thrasamund, King of the Vandals and Alans dies. He was the fourth king of the north African Kingdom of the Vandals, and reigned longer than any other Vandal king in Africa except for his grandfather Genseric.
1502. Sir James Tyrrell, confessed murderer of Edward V of England and the Duke of York, is executed. However, his confession may have been extracted under torture, so it might not be genuine. Thomas More wrote that, during his examination, Tyrrell admitted to the murders of King Edward V of England and his brother Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, and implicated two other men; despite further questioning, however, he was unable to say where the bodies were, claiming that they had been moved. He was beheaded at Tower Hill on 6 May 1502, together with his alleged accomplice Sir John Wyndham.
1527. Spanish and German troops sack Rome in what some consider the end of the Renaissance. 147 Swiss Guards, including their commander, died fighting the forces of Charles V during the Sack of Rome in order to allow Pope Clement VII to escape into Castel Sant'Angelo.
Shortly afterwards, on June 6, Clement was obliged to surrender himself together with the castle. He agreed to pay a ransom of 400,000 ducati in exchange for his life; conditions included the cession of Parma, Piacenza, Civitavecchia and Modena to the Holy Roman Empire.
Clement was kept as a prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo for six months. After bribing some Imperial officers, he escaped disguised as a peddler, and took shelter in Orvieto, and then in Viterbo. He came back to a depopulated and devastated Rome only in October 1528.
1536. England's King Henry VIII orders translated Bibles to be placed in every church.
1659. In the English Restoration, a faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament. Richard Cromwell was the third son of Oliver Cromwell. He was the second ruling Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, serving for just under nine months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. On 25 May, after the Rump agreed to pay his debts and provide a pension, Richard delivered a formal letter resigning the position of Lord Protector. Richard was never formally deposed or arrested, but allowed to fade away.
1682. Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. The reign of Louis XIV, known as The Sun King, spanned seventy-two years -- the longest reign of any major European monarch. Under his reign, France achieved not only political and military pre-eminence, but also cultural dominance. One of France's greatest kings, Louis XIV worked successfully to create an absolutist and centralized state. Louis XIV became the archetype of an absolute monarch.
1757. The Battle of Prague begins as Prussian and Austrian forces clash during the Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great's 65,000 Prussians forced 62,000 Austrians to retreat, but having lost 14,300 men to the Austrian 13,400, Frederick decided he was not strong enough to attack the city.
1775. In a candid report to William Legge, 2nd earl of Dartmouth and the British secretary of state for the colonies, Benjamin Franklin's illegitimate son, New Jersey Royal Governor William Franklin, writes that the violence at Lexington and Concord greatly diminishes the chances of reconciliation between Britain and her North American colonies.
Reconciliation between Britain and America was not the only relationship at stake for Franklin. He would never repair the damage done to his relationship with his father, famed Patriot Benjamin Franklin, when he decided to remain loyal to the crown.
1840. A tornado that touched down in eastern Louisiana and crossed the Mississippi River into Natchez, Mississippi, kills 317 people -- most of them on boats in the river.
1844. The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens in England.
1861. Arkansas secedes from the Union during the American Civil War.
1865. In the opening battle in the biggest campaign of the Civil War, Union and Confederate troops continue their desperate struggle in the Wilderness forest in Virginia. The fighting was intense, and raging fires that consumed the dead and wounded magnified the horror of battle. But little was gained in the confused attacks by either side.
1877. Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
1889. The Eiffel Tower is officially opened to the public at the Universal Exposition in Paris.
1910. George V becomes King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
1911. George Maledon, the man who executed condemned outlaws for "Hanging Judge" Isaac Parker, dies from natural causes in Tennessee. It was Maledon's job to carry out Judge Parker's death sentences. Paid $100 for each hanging, Maledon willingly accepted the work. He tried to be a conscientious hangman who minimized suffering with a quick death. Maledon said he considered the job "honorable and respectable work and I mean to do it well." In all, Maledon is believed to have hanged about 60 men and to have shot five more who tried to escape.
1915. Babe Ruth of the Boston Red Sox hits the first of his 714 major league home runs in a 4-3 loss to the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds.
1933. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an executive order creating the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was just one of many Great Depression relief programs created under the auspices of the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act, which Roosevelt had signed the month before. The WPA, the Public Works Administration (PWA) and other federal assistance programs put unemployed Americans to work in return for temporary financial assistance. Out of the 10 million jobless men in the United States in 1935, 3 million were helped by WPA jobs alone.
1937. The Hindenburg disaster unfolds as the German zeppelin Hindenburg catches fire and is destroyed within a minute while attempting to dock at Lakehurst, New Jersey.
Along with its sister-ship Graf Zeppelin II, the Hindenburg was the largest aircraft ever built. During its second year of service, it was destroyed by a fire while landing at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, New Jersey, USA, on May 6, 1937. Thirty-six people died in the accident, which was widely reported by film, photographic, and radio media.
The disaster is well recorded because of an extraordinary amount of newsreel coverage and photographs, as well as Herbert Morrison's recorded, on-the-scene, eyewitness radio report from the landing field. Heavy publicity about the first transatlantic passenger flight of the year by Zeppelin to the U.S. attracted a large number of journalists to the landing.
Morrison's recording was not broadcast until the next day. Parts of his report were later dubbed onto the newsreel footage, giving a false impression to many modern viewers, more accustomed to live television reporting, that the words and film were recorded together. Morrison's broadcast remains one of the most famous in history. His plaintive words, "Oh, the humanity!" resonate with the impact of the disaster.
1938. Dutch writer Maurits Dekker is sentenced to 50 days in jail for "offending a friendly head of state," Adolf Hitler.
1940. John Steinbeck is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath. The book traces the fictional Joad family of Oklahoma as they lose their family farm and move to California in search of a better life. They encounter only more difficulties and a downward slide into poverty. The book combines simple, plain-spoken language and compelling plot with rich description. One of Steinbeck's most effective works of social commentary, the novel also won the National Book Award.
1942. On Corregidor, the last American forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese during World War II.
1948. 43 Communist rebels are executed in Athens.
1954. Roger Bannister becomes the first person to run the mile in under four minutes.
1955. West Germany joins NATO.
1960. More than 20 million viewers watch the first ever televised royal wedding service when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey. (They divorced in 1978.)
1960. French actress Anne Parillaud is born in Paris; she is still a resident there. Her willingness and even impulse to "break the rules, to let in crazy thoughts" has often kept the French tabloid press in a lather. (See pictures.)
After the international success of Nikita, Anne left France to star in three films abroad: Map of the Human Heart, Innocent Blood, and Frankie Starlight. Of the experience of playing a vampire in John Landis's Innocent Blood she has said: "I fell in love with Marie in Innocent Blood because she wasn't born a vampire; she never decided she wanted to be. For me, it was a parable to talk about how you deal with this problem, which is when you are different."
1966. Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are sentenced to life imprisonment for the Moors Murders in England. The Moors murders were carried out by Brady and Hindley between July 1963 and October 1965, in and around what is now Greater Manchester, England. The victims were five children aged between 10 and 17, at least four of whom were sexually assaulted. The murders are so named because two of the victims were discovered in graves dug on Saddleworth Moor, with a third grave also being discovered there in 1987, over 20 years after Brady and Hindley's trial in 1966.
1968. A thousand people are injured in a battle between students and troops in Paris, France.
1974. Roberta Parks disappears from OSU in Corvallis, Oregon. She was a victim of serial killer Ted Bundy.
1975. Bundy victime Lynette Culver disappears from Pocatelli, Idaho.
1976. An earthquake strikes the Friuli region of Italy, causing 989 deaths and the destruction of entire villages.
1981. A jury of architects and sculptors unanimously selects Maya Ying Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial from 1,421 other entries.
1984. 103 Korean Martyrs are canonized by Pope John Paul II in Seoul. The Korean Martyrs were the victims of religious persecution against the Catholic Church during the 19th century in Korea. At least 8,000 adherents to the faith were known to have been killed during this persecution, 103 of whom were canonized en masse in 1984.
1994. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and French President François Mitterrand officiate at the opening of the Channel Tunnel.
1994. Former Arkansas state worker Paula Jones files suit against U.S. President Bill Clinton, alleging he had sexually harassed her in 1991.
2001. During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.
2008. Chaiten Volcano erupts in Chile, forcing the evacuation of more than 4,500 people. According to the Global Volcanism Program, radiocarbon dating of the last lava flow from the volcano suggests that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC plus or minus 75 years.
2010. The "Flash Crash" shakes Wall Street. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged about 900 points -- or about nine percent -- only to recover those losses within minutes. It was the second largest point swing, 1,010.14 points, and the biggest one-day point decline, 998.5 points, on an intraday basis in Dow Jones Industrial Average history.
2011. 27 people are killed in a "day of defiance" against the regime in Syria on Friday, including 15 protesters, and 5 security forces in Homs. Syrian security forces kill 15 protesters in Homs when they fire on a crowd of demonstrators to disperse them.
Elsewhere, the United States Coast Guard closes a section of the Mississippi River near Caruthersville, Missouri due to heavy flooding. The President of the United States Barack Obama declares a state of emergency for Louisiana due to concerns about floods.
523. Thrasamund, King of the Vandals and Alans dies. He was the fourth king of the north African Kingdom of the Vandals, and reigned longer than any other Vandal king in Africa except for his grandfather Genseric.
1502. Sir James Tyrrell, confessed murderer of Edward V of England and the Duke of York, is executed. However, his confession may have been extracted under torture, so it might not be genuine. Thomas More wrote that, during his examination, Tyrrell admitted to the murders of King Edward V of England and his brother Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, and implicated two other men; despite further questioning, however, he was unable to say where the bodies were, claiming that they had been moved. He was beheaded at Tower Hill on 6 May 1502, together with his alleged accomplice Sir John Wyndham.
1527. Spanish and German troops sack Rome in what some consider the end of the Renaissance. 147 Swiss Guards, including their commander, died fighting the forces of Charles V during the Sack of Rome in order to allow Pope Clement VII to escape into Castel Sant'Angelo.
Shortly afterwards, on June 6, Clement was obliged to surrender himself together with the castle. He agreed to pay a ransom of 400,000 ducati in exchange for his life; conditions included the cession of Parma, Piacenza, Civitavecchia and Modena to the Holy Roman Empire.
Clement was kept as a prisoner in Castel Sant'Angelo for six months. After bribing some Imperial officers, he escaped disguised as a peddler, and took shelter in Orvieto, and then in Viterbo. He came back to a depopulated and devastated Rome only in October 1528.
1536. England's King Henry VIII orders translated Bibles to be placed in every church.
1659. In the English Restoration, a faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament. Richard Cromwell was the third son of Oliver Cromwell. He was the second ruling Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, serving for just under nine months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. On 25 May, after the Rump agreed to pay his debts and provide a pension, Richard delivered a formal letter resigning the position of Lord Protector. Richard was never formally deposed or arrested, but allowed to fade away.
1682. Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. The reign of Louis XIV, known as The Sun King, spanned seventy-two years -- the longest reign of any major European monarch. Under his reign, France achieved not only political and military pre-eminence, but also cultural dominance. One of France's greatest kings, Louis XIV worked successfully to create an absolutist and centralized state. Louis XIV became the archetype of an absolute monarch.
1757. The Battle of Prague begins as Prussian and Austrian forces clash during the Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great's 65,000 Prussians forced 62,000 Austrians to retreat, but having lost 14,300 men to the Austrian 13,400, Frederick decided he was not strong enough to attack the city.
1775. In a candid report to William Legge, 2nd earl of Dartmouth and the British secretary of state for the colonies, Benjamin Franklin's illegitimate son, New Jersey Royal Governor William Franklin, writes that the violence at Lexington and Concord greatly diminishes the chances of reconciliation between Britain and her North American colonies.
Reconciliation between Britain and America was not the only relationship at stake for Franklin. He would never repair the damage done to his relationship with his father, famed Patriot Benjamin Franklin, when he decided to remain loyal to the crown.
1840. A tornado that touched down in eastern Louisiana and crossed the Mississippi River into Natchez, Mississippi, kills 317 people -- most of them on boats in the river.
1844. The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens in England.
1861. Arkansas secedes from the Union during the American Civil War.
1865. In the opening battle in the biggest campaign of the Civil War, Union and Confederate troops continue their desperate struggle in the Wilderness forest in Virginia. The fighting was intense, and raging fires that consumed the dead and wounded magnified the horror of battle. But little was gained in the confused attacks by either side.
1877. Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
1889. The Eiffel Tower is officially opened to the public at the Universal Exposition in Paris.
1910. George V becomes King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
1911. George Maledon, the man who executed condemned outlaws for "Hanging Judge" Isaac Parker, dies from natural causes in Tennessee. It was Maledon's job to carry out Judge Parker's death sentences. Paid $100 for each hanging, Maledon willingly accepted the work. He tried to be a conscientious hangman who minimized suffering with a quick death. Maledon said he considered the job "honorable and respectable work and I mean to do it well." In all, Maledon is believed to have hanged about 60 men and to have shot five more who tried to escape.
1915. Babe Ruth of the Boston Red Sox hits the first of his 714 major league home runs in a 4-3 loss to the New York Yankees at the Polo Grounds.
1933. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an executive order creating the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was just one of many Great Depression relief programs created under the auspices of the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act, which Roosevelt had signed the month before. The WPA, the Public Works Administration (PWA) and other federal assistance programs put unemployed Americans to work in return for temporary financial assistance. Out of the 10 million jobless men in the United States in 1935, 3 million were helped by WPA jobs alone.
1937. The Hindenburg disaster unfolds as the German zeppelin Hindenburg catches fire and is destroyed within a minute while attempting to dock at Lakehurst, New Jersey.
Along with its sister-ship Graf Zeppelin II, the Hindenburg was the largest aircraft ever built. During its second year of service, it was destroyed by a fire while landing at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Lakehurst, New Jersey, USA, on May 6, 1937. Thirty-six people died in the accident, which was widely reported by film, photographic, and radio media.
The disaster is well recorded because of an extraordinary amount of newsreel coverage and photographs, as well as Herbert Morrison's recorded, on-the-scene, eyewitness radio report from the landing field. Heavy publicity about the first transatlantic passenger flight of the year by Zeppelin to the U.S. attracted a large number of journalists to the landing.
Morrison's recording was not broadcast until the next day. Parts of his report were later dubbed onto the newsreel footage, giving a false impression to many modern viewers, more accustomed to live television reporting, that the words and film were recorded together. Morrison's broadcast remains one of the most famous in history. His plaintive words, "Oh, the humanity!" resonate with the impact of the disaster.
1938. Dutch writer Maurits Dekker is sentenced to 50 days in jail for "offending a friendly head of state," Adolf Hitler.
1940. John Steinbeck is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath. The book traces the fictional Joad family of Oklahoma as they lose their family farm and move to California in search of a better life. They encounter only more difficulties and a downward slide into poverty. The book combines simple, plain-spoken language and compelling plot with rich description. One of Steinbeck's most effective works of social commentary, the novel also won the National Book Award.
1942. On Corregidor, the last American forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese during World War II.
1948. 43 Communist rebels are executed in Athens.
1954. Roger Bannister becomes the first person to run the mile in under four minutes.
1955. West Germany joins NATO.
1960. More than 20 million viewers watch the first ever televised royal wedding service when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey. (They divorced in 1978.)
1960. French actress Anne Parillaud is born in Paris; she is still a resident there. Her willingness and even impulse to "break the rules, to let in crazy thoughts" has often kept the French tabloid press in a lather. (See pictures.)
After the international success of Nikita, Anne left France to star in three films abroad: Map of the Human Heart, Innocent Blood, and Frankie Starlight. Of the experience of playing a vampire in John Landis's Innocent Blood she has said: "I fell in love with Marie in Innocent Blood because she wasn't born a vampire; she never decided she wanted to be. For me, it was a parable to talk about how you deal with this problem, which is when you are different."
1966. Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are sentenced to life imprisonment for the Moors Murders in England. The Moors murders were carried out by Brady and Hindley between July 1963 and October 1965, in and around what is now Greater Manchester, England. The victims were five children aged between 10 and 17, at least four of whom were sexually assaulted. The murders are so named because two of the victims were discovered in graves dug on Saddleworth Moor, with a third grave also being discovered there in 1987, over 20 years after Brady and Hindley's trial in 1966.
1968. A thousand people are injured in a battle between students and troops in Paris, France.
1974. Roberta Parks disappears from OSU in Corvallis, Oregon. She was a victim of serial killer Ted Bundy.
1975. Bundy victime Lynette Culver disappears from Pocatelli, Idaho.
1976. An earthquake strikes the Friuli region of Italy, causing 989 deaths and the destruction of entire villages.
1981. A jury of architects and sculptors unanimously selects Maya Ying Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial from 1,421 other entries.
1984. 103 Korean Martyrs are canonized by Pope John Paul II in Seoul. The Korean Martyrs were the victims of religious persecution against the Catholic Church during the 19th century in Korea. At least 8,000 adherents to the faith were known to have been killed during this persecution, 103 of whom were canonized en masse in 1984.
1994. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and French President François Mitterrand officiate at the opening of the Channel Tunnel.
1994. Former Arkansas state worker Paula Jones files suit against U.S. President Bill Clinton, alleging he had sexually harassed her in 1991.
2001. During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.
2008. Chaiten Volcano erupts in Chile, forcing the evacuation of more than 4,500 people. According to the Global Volcanism Program, radiocarbon dating of the last lava flow from the volcano suggests that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC plus or minus 75 years.
2010. The "Flash Crash" shakes Wall Street. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged about 900 points -- or about nine percent -- only to recover those losses within minutes. It was the second largest point swing, 1,010.14 points, and the biggest one-day point decline, 998.5 points, on an intraday basis in Dow Jones Industrial Average history.
2011. 27 people are killed in a "day of defiance" against the regime in Syria on Friday, including 15 protesters, and 5 security forces in Homs. Syrian security forces kill 15 protesters in Homs when they fire on a crowd of demonstrators to disperse them.
Elsewhere, the United States Coast Guard closes a section of the Mississippi River near Caruthersville, Missouri due to heavy flooding. The President of the United States Barack Obama declares a state of emergency for Louisiana due to concerns about floods.
Attachments
May 7 is the anniversary of a killer tornado, military defeats, and an attack on a passenger liner that caused the United States to go to war.
351. The Jewish revolt against Gallus breaks out. After his arrival at Antioch, the Jews begin a rebellion in Palestine. The revolt against Gallus (351–352) was a Jewish uprising against the Roman Empire, in particular directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II and Caesar of the East. The revolt was subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus.
The rebellion had its epicentre in the town of Diocesarea. The revolt began with a night assault on the Roman garrison, which was destroyed, and allowed the Jews to procure the necessary weapons. Subsequently the rebels killed the people of different ethnicities, like the Greeks and the Samaritans. Gallus sent in his maigster equitum Ursicinus to forcefully put down the revolt. Tiberias and Diospolis, two of the cities conquered by the rebels, were almost destroyed, while Diocaesarea was razed to the ground. Ursicinus also ordered the killing of several thousand rebels, including children. After the uprising, a permanent garrison occupied Galilee.
558. In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses. Justinian I immediately orders the dome rebuilt. The main dome collapsed completely during an earthquake, destroying the altar and the ciborium over it. The emperor ordered an immediate restoration. This reconstruction, giving the church its present 6th century form, was completed in 562.
Hagia Sophia was the seat of the Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople and a principal setting for Byzantine imperial ceremonies, such as coronations. The basilica also offered asylum to wrongdoers.
1272. In France, the Second Council of Lyons opens with the Pope presiding. The main topics discussed at the council were the conquest of the Holy Land and the union of the Eastern and Western Churches. The first session took place on 7 May 1274 and was followed by five additional sessions.
1335. 1200 Jews in Toledo, Spain, are killed by Count Henry of Trastamara.
1429. Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans, pulling an arrow from her own shoulder and returning wounded to lead the final charge. The victory marks a turning point in the Hundred Years' War.
1660. Isaack B. Fubine of Savoy, in The Hague, patents macaroni.
1697. Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced by the current Royal Palace in the eighteenth century.
1718. The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville.
1763. Pontiac's Rebellion begins. Ottawa Chief Pontiac begins the "Conspiracy of Pontiac" by attacking British forces at Fort Detroit.
Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War-Seven Years' War (1754–1763). Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region.
Warfare on the North American frontier was brutal, and the torture and killing of prisoners, the targeting of civilians, and other atrocities were widespread. In what is now perhaps the war's best-known incident, British officers at Fort Pitt attempted to infect the besieging Indians with blankets that had been exposed to smallpox. The ruthlessness of the conflict was a reflection of a growing racial divide between British colonists and American Indians. The British government sought to prevent further racial violence by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which created a boundary between colonists and Indians. Although the war itself resulted in a military stalemate, the royal edict was a victory for the natives.
1789. The first inaugural ball is held in New York in honor of President George Washington and his wife, Martha.
1794. Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic. The Cult of the Supreme Being was a form of deism established in France by Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution. It was intended to become the state religion of the new French Republic. Robespierre used the religious issue to publicly denounce the motives of many radicals not in his camp, and it led, directly or indirectly, to the executions of Revolutionary de-Christianizers like Hébert, Momoro, and Anacharsis Cloots. The establishment of the Cult of the Supreme Being represented the beginning of the reversal of the wholesale de-Christianizing process that had been looked upon previously with official favor. Simultaneously it marked the apogee of Robespierre's power. Though in theory he was just an equal member of the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre at this point possessed a national prominence bordering on the imperial.
1824. Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony makes its world premiere in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the deaf composer's supervision.
1840. The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi, killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
The tornado formed southwest of Natchez and moved northeast along the Mississippi River. It then moved into the town of Natchez and destroyed many buildings. The final death toll was 48 on land and 269 on the river, mostly from the sinking of flatboats. The death toll is slightly disputed because of the land death toll of 48. It is believed that people died on plantations, and since this was pre-Civil War Mississippi, slave deaths weren't usually counted. The Fujita scale rating of this tornado is almost certainly an F5 but since there was no Fujita scale at the time, this tornado remains uncategorized.
1846. The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts
1864. During the American Civil War, the Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
1895. In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention --- the world's first radio receiver.
1896. Dr. H. H. Holmes, one of America's first well-known serial killers, is hanged to death in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although his criminal exploits were just as extensive and occurred during the same time period as Jack the Ripper, the Arch Fiend -- as Holmes was known -- has not endured in the public's memory the way the Ripper has.
Born with the unfortunate moniker Herman Mudgett in New Hampshire, Holmes began torturing animals as a child. Still, he was a smart boy who later graduated from the University of Michigan with a medical degree. In 1886, Holmes moved to Chicago to work as a pharmacist. A few months later, he bought the pharmacy from the owner's widow after his death. She then mysteriously disappeared. With a series of cons, Holmes raised enough money to build a giant, elaborate home across from the store. The home, which Holmes called "The Castle," had secret passageways, fake walls, and trapdoors. Some of the rooms were soundproof and connected by pipes to a gas tank in the basement. Young women in the area, along with tourists who had come to see the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, and had rented out rooms in Holmes' castle, suddenly began disappearing. Medical schools purchased many human skeletons from Dr. Holmes during this period but never asked how he obtained the anatomy specimens. Holmes was finally caught after attempting to use another corpse in an insurance scam. He confessed, saying, "I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that I was a murderer, no more than a poet can help the inspiration to sing." Authorities discovered the remains of over 200 victims on his property.
351. The Jewish revolt against Gallus breaks out. After his arrival at Antioch, the Jews begin a rebellion in Palestine. The revolt against Gallus (351–352) was a Jewish uprising against the Roman Empire, in particular directed against the rule of Constantius Gallus, brother-in-law of Emperor Constantius II and Caesar of the East. The revolt was subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus.
The rebellion had its epicentre in the town of Diocesarea. The revolt began with a night assault on the Roman garrison, which was destroyed, and allowed the Jews to procure the necessary weapons. Subsequently the rebels killed the people of different ethnicities, like the Greeks and the Samaritans. Gallus sent in his maigster equitum Ursicinus to forcefully put down the revolt. Tiberias and Diospolis, two of the cities conquered by the rebels, were almost destroyed, while Diocaesarea was razed to the ground. Ursicinus also ordered the killing of several thousand rebels, including children. After the uprising, a permanent garrison occupied Galilee.
558. In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses. Justinian I immediately orders the dome rebuilt. The main dome collapsed completely during an earthquake, destroying the altar and the ciborium over it. The emperor ordered an immediate restoration. This reconstruction, giving the church its present 6th century form, was completed in 562.
Hagia Sophia was the seat of the Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople and a principal setting for Byzantine imperial ceremonies, such as coronations. The basilica also offered asylum to wrongdoers.
1272. In France, the Second Council of Lyons opens with the Pope presiding. The main topics discussed at the council were the conquest of the Holy Land and the union of the Eastern and Western Churches. The first session took place on 7 May 1274 and was followed by five additional sessions.
1335. 1200 Jews in Toledo, Spain, are killed by Count Henry of Trastamara.
1429. Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans, pulling an arrow from her own shoulder and returning wounded to lead the final charge. The victory marks a turning point in the Hundred Years' War.
1660. Isaack B. Fubine of Savoy, in The Hague, patents macaroni.
1697. Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced by the current Royal Palace in the eighteenth century.
1718. The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville.
1763. Pontiac's Rebellion begins. Ottawa Chief Pontiac begins the "Conspiracy of Pontiac" by attacking British forces at Fort Detroit.
Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by North American Indians who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War-Seven Years' War (1754–1763). Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region.
Warfare on the North American frontier was brutal, and the torture and killing of prisoners, the targeting of civilians, and other atrocities were widespread. In what is now perhaps the war's best-known incident, British officers at Fort Pitt attempted to infect the besieging Indians with blankets that had been exposed to smallpox. The ruthlessness of the conflict was a reflection of a growing racial divide between British colonists and American Indians. The British government sought to prevent further racial violence by issuing the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which created a boundary between colonists and Indians. Although the war itself resulted in a military stalemate, the royal edict was a victory for the natives.
1789. The first inaugural ball is held in New York in honor of President George Washington and his wife, Martha.
1794. Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic. The Cult of the Supreme Being was a form of deism established in France by Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution. It was intended to become the state religion of the new French Republic. Robespierre used the religious issue to publicly denounce the motives of many radicals not in his camp, and it led, directly or indirectly, to the executions of Revolutionary de-Christianizers like Hébert, Momoro, and Anacharsis Cloots. The establishment of the Cult of the Supreme Being represented the beginning of the reversal of the wholesale de-Christianizing process that had been looked upon previously with official favor. Simultaneously it marked the apogee of Robespierre's power. Though in theory he was just an equal member of the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre at this point possessed a national prominence bordering on the imperial.
1824. Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony makes its world premiere in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the deaf composer's supervision.
1840. The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi, killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
The tornado formed southwest of Natchez and moved northeast along the Mississippi River. It then moved into the town of Natchez and destroyed many buildings. The final death toll was 48 on land and 269 on the river, mostly from the sinking of flatboats. The death toll is slightly disputed because of the land death toll of 48. It is believed that people died on plantations, and since this was pre-Civil War Mississippi, slave deaths weren't usually counted. The Fujita scale rating of this tornado is almost certainly an F5 but since there was no Fujita scale at the time, this tornado remains uncategorized.
1846. The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts
1864. During the American Civil War, the Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
1895. In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention --- the world's first radio receiver.
1896. Dr. H. H. Holmes, one of America's first well-known serial killers, is hanged to death in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although his criminal exploits were just as extensive and occurred during the same time period as Jack the Ripper, the Arch Fiend -- as Holmes was known -- has not endured in the public's memory the way the Ripper has.
Born with the unfortunate moniker Herman Mudgett in New Hampshire, Holmes began torturing animals as a child. Still, he was a smart boy who later graduated from the University of Michigan with a medical degree. In 1886, Holmes moved to Chicago to work as a pharmacist. A few months later, he bought the pharmacy from the owner's widow after his death. She then mysteriously disappeared. With a series of cons, Holmes raised enough money to build a giant, elaborate home across from the store. The home, which Holmes called "The Castle," had secret passageways, fake walls, and trapdoors. Some of the rooms were soundproof and connected by pipes to a gas tank in the basement. Young women in the area, along with tourists who had come to see the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, and had rented out rooms in Holmes' castle, suddenly began disappearing. Medical schools purchased many human skeletons from Dr. Holmes during this period but never asked how he obtained the anatomy specimens. Holmes was finally caught after attempting to use another corpse in an insurance scam. He confessed, saying, "I was born with the devil in me. I could not help the fact that I was a murderer, no more than a poet can help the inspiration to sing." Authorities discovered the remains of over 200 victims on his property.
Part 2
1902. Martinique's Mount Pele begins the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. The following day, the city of Saint Pierre, which some called the Paris of the Caribbean, was virtually wiped off the map. A tremendous blast in the early morning hours of May 8 sent an avalanche of boiling ash down the side of the mountain. The city of Saint Pierre was buried within minutes and virtually everyone died instantly. There were only two reported survivors -- one was a prisoner held in an underground cell. Legend has it that he went on to be a circus attraction. In addition, 15 ships in the harbor were capsized by the eruption. One ship managed to stay afloat with half the crew surviving, although most suffered serious burns.
1915. During World War I, a German submarine sinks the RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turned many formerly pro-Germans in the United States of America against the German Empire.
1920. The Treaty of Moscow is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later. The more things change, the more they remain the same.
1937. In the Spanish Civil War, the German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Franco's forces.
German military aid to the Spanish Falange began with a request for assistance dispatched by Franco. This was received by German Führer Adolf Hitler on July 22, five days after the Fascist rebellion began on 17 July 1936. Hitler immediately called Hermann Göring, then Minister for the Economy and General feldmarschall Werner von Blomberg to plan methods of support for the Nationalists. The Condor Legion was a unit comprised of volunteers from the German Luftwaffe which served under command of the Spanish Falange during the Spanish Civil War July 1936 to March 1939.
1939. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy announce a military and political alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis.
1942. During the Battle of the Coral Sea in World War II, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō. The battle marks the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
1945. General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in World War II. The document will take effect the next day.
1954. In the Indochina War, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat. The battle began on March 13.
1960. Beginning the U-2 Crisis, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers, shot down on a spy flight over the Soviet Union.
1964. Pacific Air Lines Flight 773, a Fairchild F-27 airliner, crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard. The FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger. Cockpit cabin doors would not be reinforced until 2001, after the 9/11 Attacks.
1974. West German Chancellor Willy Brandt resigns.
1975. American porn star Nicole Sheridan is born in Pennsylvania. She is a film actress, feature exotic dancer, and nude model. (See pictures.)
In high school Sheridan was studious and involved in competitive cheerleading and gymnastics. After turning 18 she began to dance at local clubs and eventually appeared in fetish and bondage videos. It wasn't until 2000 that she moved permanently to Los Angeles, California to pursue a full-time career in the adult entertainment industry.
Sheridan has appeared on several cable television programs, including Comedy Central's Win Ben Stein's Money (where she competed against Ron Jeremy and Houston), Strip Poker, Blind Date and PlayboyTV's Night Calls 411.
1984. A $180 million out-of-court settlement is announced in the Agent Orange class-action suit brought by Vietnam veterans.
1986. Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits. The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge.
1992. Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
1998. Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for $40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.
2000. President Vladimir Xyulo - wanted by criminal international court in The Hague takes the oath of office in Russia's first democratic transfer of power.
2006. Rolling Stone magazine publishes its 1000th issue. Rolling Stone was initially identified with and reported on the hippie counterculture of the 1960s. However, the magazine distanced itself from the underground newspapers of the time, embracing more traditional journalistic standards and avoiding the radical politics of the underground press. In the very first edition of the magazine, the publisher wrote that Rolling Stone "is not just about the music, but about the things and attitudes that music embraces."
In the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark for its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazine's political section. Thompson would first publish his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained as a contributing editor until his death. The magazine was so influential in shaping pop culture in the 1970s that a song dedicated to it, Cover of the Rolling Stone by Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show (written by Shel Silverstein), became a hit single. Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show eventually did end up fulfilling their wish and ended up on the cover of Rolling Stone.
In the early 2000s, facing declining revenue and competition from lad mags such as Maxim and FHM, Rolling Stone reinvented itself, hiring former FHM editor Ed Needham. The magazine started targeting younger readers and offering more sex-oriented content, which often focused on sexy young television or film actors as well as pop music. At the time, some long-time readers denounced the magazine, claiming it had declined from astute musical and countercultural observer to a sleek, superficial tabloid, emphasizing style over substance.
2007. The tomb of Herod the Great is discovered. Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. Some details of his biography can be gleaned from the works of the 1st century AD Roman-Jewish historian Josephus Flavius.
In Christian scripture, Herod is known for the Massacre of the Innocents, described in Chapter 2 of the Gospel according to Matthew. There is little, if any, independent evidence that the slaughter ever took place but Herod had no qualms about killing family members, including his own son, so the tale is in keeping with his character.
2008. Dmitry Medvedev is sworn in as Russia's president.
2011. The Libyan Armed Forces bomb large fuel storage tanks in the town of Misrata, destroying the tanks and causing a large fire. Meanwhile, sources claim that the Syrian Army has stormed into the city of Baniyas, attacking Sunni districts that have opposed President Bashar al-Assad. In the United States, the Mississippi River Floods continue, with thousands of homes now ordered evacuated. The floods have disrupted major food and energy distribution in affected states. The 1927 Mississippi flooding record is expected to be broken.
1902. Martinique's Mount Pele begins the deadliest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. The following day, the city of Saint Pierre, which some called the Paris of the Caribbean, was virtually wiped off the map. A tremendous blast in the early morning hours of May 8 sent an avalanche of boiling ash down the side of the mountain. The city of Saint Pierre was buried within minutes and virtually everyone died instantly. There were only two reported survivors -- one was a prisoner held in an underground cell. Legend has it that he went on to be a circus attraction. In addition, 15 ships in the harbor were capsized by the eruption. One ship managed to stay afloat with half the crew surviving, although most suffered serious burns.
1915. During World War I, a German submarine sinks the RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turned many formerly pro-Germans in the United States of America against the German Empire.
1920. The Treaty of Moscow is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later. The more things change, the more they remain the same.
1937. In the Spanish Civil War, the German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Franco's forces.
German military aid to the Spanish Falange began with a request for assistance dispatched by Franco. This was received by German Führer Adolf Hitler on July 22, five days after the Fascist rebellion began on 17 July 1936. Hitler immediately called Hermann Göring, then Minister for the Economy and General feldmarschall Werner von Blomberg to plan methods of support for the Nationalists. The Condor Legion was a unit comprised of volunteers from the German Luftwaffe which served under command of the Spanish Falange during the Spanish Civil War July 1936 to March 1939.
1939. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy announce a military and political alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis.
1942. During the Battle of the Coral Sea in World War II, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō. The battle marks the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
1945. General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in World War II. The document will take effect the next day.
1954. In the Indochina War, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat. The battle began on March 13.
1960. Beginning the U-2 Crisis, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers, shot down on a spy flight over the Soviet Union.
1964. Pacific Air Lines Flight 773, a Fairchild F-27 airliner, crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard. The FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger. Cockpit cabin doors would not be reinforced until 2001, after the 9/11 Attacks.
1974. West German Chancellor Willy Brandt resigns.
1975. American porn star Nicole Sheridan is born in Pennsylvania. She is a film actress, feature exotic dancer, and nude model. (See pictures.)
In high school Sheridan was studious and involved in competitive cheerleading and gymnastics. After turning 18 she began to dance at local clubs and eventually appeared in fetish and bondage videos. It wasn't until 2000 that she moved permanently to Los Angeles, California to pursue a full-time career in the adult entertainment industry.
Sheridan has appeared on several cable television programs, including Comedy Central's Win Ben Stein's Money (where she competed against Ron Jeremy and Houston), Strip Poker, Blind Date and PlayboyTV's Night Calls 411.
1984. A $180 million out-of-court settlement is announced in the Agent Orange class-action suit brought by Vietnam veterans.
1986. Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits. The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents. Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge.
1992. Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
1998. Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for $40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.
2000. President Vladimir Xyulo - wanted by criminal international court in The Hague takes the oath of office in Russia's first democratic transfer of power.
2006. Rolling Stone magazine publishes its 1000th issue. Rolling Stone was initially identified with and reported on the hippie counterculture of the 1960s. However, the magazine distanced itself from the underground newspapers of the time, embracing more traditional journalistic standards and avoiding the radical politics of the underground press. In the very first edition of the magazine, the publisher wrote that Rolling Stone "is not just about the music, but about the things and attitudes that music embraces."
In the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark for its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazine's political section. Thompson would first publish his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained as a contributing editor until his death. The magazine was so influential in shaping pop culture in the 1970s that a song dedicated to it, Cover of the Rolling Stone by Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show (written by Shel Silverstein), became a hit single. Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show eventually did end up fulfilling their wish and ended up on the cover of Rolling Stone.
In the early 2000s, facing declining revenue and competition from lad mags such as Maxim and FHM, Rolling Stone reinvented itself, hiring former FHM editor Ed Needham. The magazine started targeting younger readers and offering more sex-oriented content, which often focused on sexy young television or film actors as well as pop music. At the time, some long-time readers denounced the magazine, claiming it had declined from astute musical and countercultural observer to a sleek, superficial tabloid, emphasizing style over substance.
2007. The tomb of Herod the Great is discovered. Herod is known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and other parts of the ancient world, including the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple. Some details of his biography can be gleaned from the works of the 1st century AD Roman-Jewish historian Josephus Flavius.
In Christian scripture, Herod is known for the Massacre of the Innocents, described in Chapter 2 of the Gospel according to Matthew. There is little, if any, independent evidence that the slaughter ever took place but Herod had no qualms about killing family members, including his own son, so the tale is in keeping with his character.
2008. Dmitry Medvedev is sworn in as Russia's president.
2011. The Libyan Armed Forces bomb large fuel storage tanks in the town of Misrata, destroying the tanks and causing a large fire. Meanwhile, sources claim that the Syrian Army has stormed into the city of Baniyas, attacking Sunni districts that have opposed President Bashar al-Assad. In the United States, the Mississippi River Floods continue, with thousands of homes now ordered evacuated. The floods have disrupted major food and energy distribution in affected states. The 1927 Mississippi flooding record is expected to be broken.
Attachments
WHERE ARE THE PICTURES?????????????????????????????
tree
opps, they just popped up...
sorry for yelling
tree
opps, they just popped up...
sorry for yelling
maximal 2000 words in 1 account that's why sometimes more frames are used
May 8 is the anniversary of an execution, an eruption, and the oubreak of a rebellion, as well as a landmark battle in which the combatants were invisible to each other.
413. Emperor Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the Italian provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, who are plundered by the Visigoths. Even by the standards of the rapidly declining Western Empire, Honorius' reign was precarious and chaotic. His reign was supported by his principal general, Flavius Stilicho, who was successively Honorius's guardian (during his childhood) and his father-in-law (after the emperor became an adult). Stilicho's generalship helped preserve some level of stability, but with his execution, the Western Roman Empire moved closer to collapse.
Convinced that his father-in-law was conspiring with barbarians to overthrow him,. Honorius ordered the arrest and execution of Stilicho. With Stilicho’s fall, the Emperor moved against all of his former father-in-law’s allies, killing and torturing key individuals and ordering the confiscation of the property of anyone who had borne any office while Stilicho was in command. Honorius's wife Thermantia, daughter of Stilicho, was taken from the imperial throne and given over to her mother; Eucherius, the son of Stilicho, was put to death.
The last known gladiatorial fight took place during the reign of Honorius but the most notable event of his reign was the assault and Sack of Rome on 24 August 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric. The city had been under Visigothic siege since shortly after Stilicho's deposition and execution in the summer of 408. Lacking a strong general to control the by-now mostly barbarian Roman Army, Honorius could do little to attack Alaric's forces directly, and apparently adopted the only strategy he could in the situation: wait passively for the Visigoths to grow weary and spend the time marshalling what forces he could.
Stricken by starvation, somebody opened Rome's defenses to Alaric and the Goths poured in. The city had not been under the control of a foreign force since an invasion of Gauls some eight centuries before. The sack itself was notably mild as sacks go; Churches and religious statuary went unharmed for example. The psychological blow to the Romans was considerably more painful. The shock of this event reverberated from Britain to Jerusalem, and inspired Augustine to write his magnum opus, The City of God.
Honorius died of edema on 15 August 423, leaving no heir.
589. Reccared I summons the Third Council of Toledo Reccared I, who reigned from 586 to 601, was Visigothic King of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula).. His reign marked a climactic shift in history, with the king's renunciation of traditional Arianism in favor of Catholic Christianity in 587.
The Third Council of Toledo marks the entry of Catholic Christianity into the rule of Visigothic Spain, and the introduction into Western Christianity of the filioque clause. Filioque, Latin for "and (from) the Son," was added in Western Christianity to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. This insertion emphasizes that Jesus, the Son, is of equal divinity with God, the Father,
The council also enacted restrictions on Jews; the conversion of the country to orthodox Christianity led to repeated persecutions of Jews.
1450. Jack Cade's Rebellion begins. Jack Cade was the leader of a Kent rebellion which took place in the time of King Henry VI in England. In the spring of 1450 Kentish peasants protested against what they saw as the weak leadership of King Henry, unfair taxes, corruption and the damaging effect of the loss of France.
In early June about 5,000 rebels gathered at Blackheath, southeast of London. The Lord Treasurer was captured and beheaded, along with a few other favorites of the King, and their heads put on pikes and made to kiss each other. Many of the rebels, including Cade himself, then proceeded to loot London, although Cade had made frequent promises not to do so during the march to the capital. The next day, at about ten in the evening a battle broke out on London Bridge and lasted until eight the next morning, when the rebels retreated with heavy casualties.
1541. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and names it Río de Espíritu Santo.
1792. Congress passes the second portion of the Militia Act, requiring that every free able-bodied white male citizen of the respective States, resident therein, who is or shall be of age eighteen years, and under the age of forty-five years be enrolled in the militia. Six days before, Congress had established the president's right to call out the militia.
The Militia Act was tested shortly after its passage, when farmers in western Pennsylvania, angered by a federal excise tax on whiskey, attacked the home of a tax collector and then, with their ranks swollen to 6,000 camped outside Pittsburgh, threatened to march on the town. In response, President George Washington, under the auspices of the Militia Act, assembled 15,000 men from the surrounding states and eastern Pennsylvania as a federal militia commanded by Virginia's Henry Lee to march upon the Pittsburgh encampment. Upon its arrival, the federal militia found none of the rebels willing to fight. The mere threat of federal force had quelled the rebellion and established the supremacy of the federal government.
1794. Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionaries, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme Générale, was tried, convicted, and guillotined all on one day in Paris. Among his other accomplishments, Lavoisier introduced the metric system.
1821. The Greeks defeat the Turks in Gravia during the Greek War of Independence.
1846. At the Battle of Palo Alto, Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major engagement of the Mexican-American War.
1861. In the American Civil War, Richmond, Virginia, is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
1886. Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton first sells a carbonated beverage named "Coca-Cola" as a patent medicine. The name is derived from the chief ingredient, cocaine.
1902. In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, killing thousands of people. Only a handful of residents survive the blast. Mount Pelée is an active volcano on the northern tip of the French overseas department of Martinique in the Caribbean. It is among the deadliest stratovolcano on Earth. (See picture.) The worst volcanic disaster of the 20th Century, the eruption killed about 26,000 to 36,000 people, including the island's governor.Pyroclastic flows completely destroyed St. Pierre, a town of 30,000 people, within minutes of the eruption The eruption left only two survivors in the direct path of the volcano (with a third reported): Louis-Auguste Cyparis survived because he was in a poorly ventilated, dungeon-like jail cell; Léon Compère-Léandre, living on the edge of the city, escaped with severe burns. Havivra Da Ifrile, a young girl, reportedly escaped with injuries during the eruption by taking a small boat to a cave down shore, and was later found adrift two miles (3 km) from the island, unconscious. The event marked the only major volcanic disaster in the history of France and its overseas territories.
1919. Edward George Honey first proposes the idea of a moment of silence to commemorate The Armistice of World War I, which later results in the creation of Remembrance Day. In the United States it was called Armistice Day and is now Veterans Day.
1927. Attempting to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York, French war heroes Charles Nungesser and Francois Coli disappear after taking off aboard The White Bird biplane.
1933. Mohandas Gandhi begins a 21-day fast in protest of British rule in India.
1942. In World War II, the Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end. This is the first time in the naval history where two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
1942. Gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebel in the Cocos Islands Mutiny. Their mutiny is crushed and three of them are executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
1945. It is V-E Day as combat in Europe ends in World War II.
1950. In Nebraska, a flood caused by 14 inches of rain kills 23 people. Most of the victims drowned after being trapped in their vehicles by flash flooding.
1958. U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon is shoved, stoned, booed and spat upon by anti-American protesters in Lima, Peru.
1963. South Vietnamese soldiers of Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem open fire on Buddhists defying a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, killing nine. Vesak is a holy day observed traditionally by Buddhists, informally called "Buddha's Birthday."
1963. With the release of Dr. No, moviegoers get their first look -- down the barrel of a gun -- at the super-spy James Bond (codename: 007), the immortal character created by Ian Fleming in his now-famous series of novels and portrayed onscreen by the relatively unknown Scottish actor Sean Connery.
Dr. No established many signature elements of the Bond film series, including its distinctive theme song, fast-paced action sequences, sexy “Bond girls” -- both good and bad -- Bond’s fondness for vodka martinis “shaken, not stirred” and his introduction of himself as “Bond. James Bond.” Connery went on to appear in six more Bond films, including From Russia With Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), Diamonds Are Forever (1971) and (after a 10-year hiatus) Never Say Never Again (1983).
1970. The Hard Hat riot occurs in the Wall Street area of New York City as blue-collar construction workers clash with anti-war demonstrators protesting the Vietnam War.
1973. A 71-day standoff, between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement members occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
1984. The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
1987. Gary Hart, dogged by questions about his personal life, withdraws from the race for the Democratic presidential nomination.
1988. A fire at Illinois Bell's Hinsdale Central Office triggers an extended 1AESS network outage. Once considered the "worst telecommunications disaster in US telephone industry history," it is still the worst to occur on Mother's Day.
1997. A China Southern Airlines Boeing 737 crashes on approach into Shenzhen's Huangtian Airport, killing 35 people.
1999. The Citadel, South Carolina's formerly all-male military school, graduates its first female cadet
2005. The new Canadian War Museum opens, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of V-E Day.
2008. Boston Red Sox legend Dom DiMaggio dies. Usually eclipsed by his brother Joe, except in Boston, Dominic Paul DiMaggio was a center fielder in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Boston Red Sox from 1940 to 1953. He was the youngest of three brothers who each became major league center fielders, the others being Joe and Vince.
2011. Flooding along the Mississippi and tributaries has worsened, exceeding record levels since a three day tornado outbreak over a week ago, with ten dead, more than a thousand homes ordered evacuated in Memphis, Tennessee, more than 2,000 in Mississippi state, and about 13% of U.S. refinery output disrupted. The flood is expected to peak at 48 feet on Tuesday just below the record of 48 feet 7 inches set in 1927.
Elsewhere, thousands march in Mexico City to protest the 38,000 people who have died in drug-related violence since the beginning of the Mexican Drug War in 2006.
Meanwhile, the Prime Minister of Egypt Essam Sharaf is scheduled to discuss the fatal clashes between Muslims and Christians in the Imbaba district of Cairo. The Egyptian Army will try the 190 people arrested in the unrest in a military court.
413. Emperor Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the Italian provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, who are plundered by the Visigoths. Even by the standards of the rapidly declining Western Empire, Honorius' reign was precarious and chaotic. His reign was supported by his principal general, Flavius Stilicho, who was successively Honorius's guardian (during his childhood) and his father-in-law (after the emperor became an adult). Stilicho's generalship helped preserve some level of stability, but with his execution, the Western Roman Empire moved closer to collapse.
Convinced that his father-in-law was conspiring with barbarians to overthrow him,. Honorius ordered the arrest and execution of Stilicho. With Stilicho’s fall, the Emperor moved against all of his former father-in-law’s allies, killing and torturing key individuals and ordering the confiscation of the property of anyone who had borne any office while Stilicho was in command. Honorius's wife Thermantia, daughter of Stilicho, was taken from the imperial throne and given over to her mother; Eucherius, the son of Stilicho, was put to death.
The last known gladiatorial fight took place during the reign of Honorius but the most notable event of his reign was the assault and Sack of Rome on 24 August 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric. The city had been under Visigothic siege since shortly after Stilicho's deposition and execution in the summer of 408. Lacking a strong general to control the by-now mostly barbarian Roman Army, Honorius could do little to attack Alaric's forces directly, and apparently adopted the only strategy he could in the situation: wait passively for the Visigoths to grow weary and spend the time marshalling what forces he could.
Stricken by starvation, somebody opened Rome's defenses to Alaric and the Goths poured in. The city had not been under the control of a foreign force since an invasion of Gauls some eight centuries before. The sack itself was notably mild as sacks go; Churches and religious statuary went unharmed for example. The psychological blow to the Romans was considerably more painful. The shock of this event reverberated from Britain to Jerusalem, and inspired Augustine to write his magnum opus, The City of God.
Honorius died of edema on 15 August 423, leaving no heir.
589. Reccared I summons the Third Council of Toledo Reccared I, who reigned from 586 to 601, was Visigothic King of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula).. His reign marked a climactic shift in history, with the king's renunciation of traditional Arianism in favor of Catholic Christianity in 587.
The Third Council of Toledo marks the entry of Catholic Christianity into the rule of Visigothic Spain, and the introduction into Western Christianity of the filioque clause. Filioque, Latin for "and (from) the Son," was added in Western Christianity to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. This insertion emphasizes that Jesus, the Son, is of equal divinity with God, the Father,
The council also enacted restrictions on Jews; the conversion of the country to orthodox Christianity led to repeated persecutions of Jews.
1450. Jack Cade's Rebellion begins. Jack Cade was the leader of a Kent rebellion which took place in the time of King Henry VI in England. In the spring of 1450 Kentish peasants protested against what they saw as the weak leadership of King Henry, unfair taxes, corruption and the damaging effect of the loss of France.
In early June about 5,000 rebels gathered at Blackheath, southeast of London. The Lord Treasurer was captured and beheaded, along with a few other favorites of the King, and their heads put on pikes and made to kiss each other. Many of the rebels, including Cade himself, then proceeded to loot London, although Cade had made frequent promises not to do so during the march to the capital. The next day, at about ten in the evening a battle broke out on London Bridge and lasted until eight the next morning, when the rebels retreated with heavy casualties.
1541. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and names it Río de Espíritu Santo.
1792. Congress passes the second portion of the Militia Act, requiring that every free able-bodied white male citizen of the respective States, resident therein, who is or shall be of age eighteen years, and under the age of forty-five years be enrolled in the militia. Six days before, Congress had established the president's right to call out the militia.
The Militia Act was tested shortly after its passage, when farmers in western Pennsylvania, angered by a federal excise tax on whiskey, attacked the home of a tax collector and then, with their ranks swollen to 6,000 camped outside Pittsburgh, threatened to march on the town. In response, President George Washington, under the auspices of the Militia Act, assembled 15,000 men from the surrounding states and eastern Pennsylvania as a federal militia commanded by Virginia's Henry Lee to march upon the Pittsburgh encampment. Upon its arrival, the federal militia found none of the rebels willing to fight. The mere threat of federal force had quelled the rebellion and established the supremacy of the federal government.
1794. Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionaries, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme Générale, was tried, convicted, and guillotined all on one day in Paris. Among his other accomplishments, Lavoisier introduced the metric system.
1821. The Greeks defeat the Turks in Gravia during the Greek War of Independence.
1846. At the Battle of Palo Alto, Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major engagement of the Mexican-American War.
1861. In the American Civil War, Richmond, Virginia, is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
1886. Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton first sells a carbonated beverage named "Coca-Cola" as a patent medicine. The name is derived from the chief ingredient, cocaine.
1902. In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, killing thousands of people. Only a handful of residents survive the blast. Mount Pelée is an active volcano on the northern tip of the French overseas department of Martinique in the Caribbean. It is among the deadliest stratovolcano on Earth. (See picture.) The worst volcanic disaster of the 20th Century, the eruption killed about 26,000 to 36,000 people, including the island's governor.Pyroclastic flows completely destroyed St. Pierre, a town of 30,000 people, within minutes of the eruption The eruption left only two survivors in the direct path of the volcano (with a third reported): Louis-Auguste Cyparis survived because he was in a poorly ventilated, dungeon-like jail cell; Léon Compère-Léandre, living on the edge of the city, escaped with severe burns. Havivra Da Ifrile, a young girl, reportedly escaped with injuries during the eruption by taking a small boat to a cave down shore, and was later found adrift two miles (3 km) from the island, unconscious. The event marked the only major volcanic disaster in the history of France and its overseas territories.
1919. Edward George Honey first proposes the idea of a moment of silence to commemorate The Armistice of World War I, which later results in the creation of Remembrance Day. In the United States it was called Armistice Day and is now Veterans Day.
1927. Attempting to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York, French war heroes Charles Nungesser and Francois Coli disappear after taking off aboard The White Bird biplane.
1933. Mohandas Gandhi begins a 21-day fast in protest of British rule in India.
1942. In World War II, the Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end. This is the first time in the naval history where two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
1942. Gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebel in the Cocos Islands Mutiny. Their mutiny is crushed and three of them are executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
1945. It is V-E Day as combat in Europe ends in World War II.
1950. In Nebraska, a flood caused by 14 inches of rain kills 23 people. Most of the victims drowned after being trapped in their vehicles by flash flooding.
1958. U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon is shoved, stoned, booed and spat upon by anti-American protesters in Lima, Peru.
1963. South Vietnamese soldiers of Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem open fire on Buddhists defying a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, killing nine. Vesak is a holy day observed traditionally by Buddhists, informally called "Buddha's Birthday."
1963. With the release of Dr. No, moviegoers get their first look -- down the barrel of a gun -- at the super-spy James Bond (codename: 007), the immortal character created by Ian Fleming in his now-famous series of novels and portrayed onscreen by the relatively unknown Scottish actor Sean Connery.
Dr. No established many signature elements of the Bond film series, including its distinctive theme song, fast-paced action sequences, sexy “Bond girls” -- both good and bad -- Bond’s fondness for vodka martinis “shaken, not stirred” and his introduction of himself as “Bond. James Bond.” Connery went on to appear in six more Bond films, including From Russia With Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), Diamonds Are Forever (1971) and (after a 10-year hiatus) Never Say Never Again (1983).
1970. The Hard Hat riot occurs in the Wall Street area of New York City as blue-collar construction workers clash with anti-war demonstrators protesting the Vietnam War.
1973. A 71-day standoff, between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement members occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
1984. The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
1987. Gary Hart, dogged by questions about his personal life, withdraws from the race for the Democratic presidential nomination.
1988. A fire at Illinois Bell's Hinsdale Central Office triggers an extended 1AESS network outage. Once considered the "worst telecommunications disaster in US telephone industry history," it is still the worst to occur on Mother's Day.
1997. A China Southern Airlines Boeing 737 crashes on approach into Shenzhen's Huangtian Airport, killing 35 people.
1999. The Citadel, South Carolina's formerly all-male military school, graduates its first female cadet
2005. The new Canadian War Museum opens, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of V-E Day.
2008. Boston Red Sox legend Dom DiMaggio dies. Usually eclipsed by his brother Joe, except in Boston, Dominic Paul DiMaggio was a center fielder in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Boston Red Sox from 1940 to 1953. He was the youngest of three brothers who each became major league center fielders, the others being Joe and Vince.
2011. Flooding along the Mississippi and tributaries has worsened, exceeding record levels since a three day tornado outbreak over a week ago, with ten dead, more than a thousand homes ordered evacuated in Memphis, Tennessee, more than 2,000 in Mississippi state, and about 13% of U.S. refinery output disrupted. The flood is expected to peak at 48 feet on Tuesday just below the record of 48 feet 7 inches set in 1927.
Elsewhere, thousands march in Mexico City to protest the 38,000 people who have died in drug-related violence since the beginning of the Mexican Drug War in 2006.
Meanwhile, the Prime Minister of Egypt Essam Sharaf is scheduled to discuss the fatal clashes between Muslims and Christians in the Imbaba district of Cairo. The Egyptian Army will try the 190 people arrested in the unrest in a military court.
Attachments
May 9 was the date of yet another ancient Roman festival, the Lemuralia or Lemuria; this one could be a precursor to our modern Halloween. May 9 was Feast of the Lemures, during which the ancient Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes. The unwholesome and malevolent specters of the restless dead (lemures) were propitiated with offerings of beans. On those days, the Vestals would prepare sacred mola salsa (salt cake) from the first ears of wheat of the season.
In the Julian calendar the three days of the feast were May 9, 11, and 13. The myth of origin of this ancient festival was that it had been instituted by Romulus to appease the spirit of Remus. Ovid notes that at this festival it was the custom to appease or expel the evil spirits by walking barefoot and throwing black beans over the shoulder at night.
Because of this annual exorcism of the restless malevolent spirits of the dead, the whole month of May was rendered unlucky for marriages, whence the proverb Mense Maio malae nubent ('They wed ill who wed in May'), and thus the rush of June weddings "because the weather is so nice" in our own day.
This ancient custom was Christianized in the feast of All Saints' Day, established in Rome first on May 13, in order to de-paganize the Roman Lemuria. In the 8th century, as the popular observance of the Lemuria had safely faded over time, the feast of All Saints was shifted to November 1, coinciding with the similar Celtic propitiation of the spirits at Samhain.
1457 BC. The Battle of Megiddo is fought between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Kadesh. It is the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
The Battle of Megiddo was an Egyptian victory and resulted in a rout of the Canaanite forces, which fled to safety in the city of Megiddo. Their action resulted in the subsequent lengthy Siege of Megiddo. All details of the battle come from Egyptian sources -- primarily the hieroglyphic writings on the Hall of Annals in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, Thebes (now Luxor), by the military scribe Tjaneni.
1012 BC. A Solar Eclipse seen at Ugarit, lasting from 6:09–6:39 PM. Ugarit was an ancient cosmopolitan port city on the Mediterranean coast. Ugarit sent tribute to Egypt and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Cyprus, documented in the archives recovered from the site and corroborated by Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery found there. The polity was at its height from ca. 1450 BC until 1200 BC.
1092. England's Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. It was the tallest building in the world for over 200 years (1300-1549), but the central spire collapsed in the sixteenth century and was not rebuilt. (See picture.)
1450. Timurid monarch 'Abd al-Latif is assassinated. Abd al-Latif ibn Muhammad Taraghay Ulughbek, also known as 'Abd al-Latif, was the great-grandson of Central Asian warlord Timur. He was the third son of Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler of Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan).
Angry over the fact that he was to be passed over in the transfer of rule of Samarkand, he revolted while Ulugh Beg was marching to retake Khurasan. He defeated his father at Dimashq, near Samarkand, in the fall of 1449. Ulugh Beg later decided to surrender himself, and 'Abd al-Latif granted him permission to take a pilgrimage to Mecca, but while Ulugh Beg was on his way he was ordered murdered by his son. A few days later he also had his brother 'Abd al-'Aziz killed. But this did not save him from a conspiracy hatched against him by the amirs. His reign lasted for only six months.
1502. Christopher Columbus leaves Cadiz, Spain, on his fourth and final trip to the Western Hemisphere.
1671. Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. For reasons not fully known, the King pardoned Blood. He also granted a general pardon for any crimes which Blood may have committed since the Restoration eleven years before.
Although Charles II was known as "the Merry Monarch," he is unlikely to have released Blood merely as a reward for his derring-do. Historians have noted the Royal money troubles, and have speculated that Blood was acting under orders. The jewels, most of which were made for Charles II, may have been destined to be broken up and sold on the continent and the proceeds used to refill the royal treasury.
Far from punishing him, the King restored Blood's estates in Ireland and made him a member of his court with an annual pension. Captain Blood became a colorful celebrity all across the kingdom, and when he died in 1680 his body had to be exhumed in order to persuade the public that he was actually dead.
1726. Three men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn. A Molly house is an archaic English term for a tavern or private room where homosexual males could meet each other and possible sexual partners. Found in most of the larger cities, Molly houses were a precursor to the modern gay bar.
The most famous of these was Mother Clap's molly house in the Holborn area of London. In the 18th century, homosexual males in England were prosecuted under sodomy laws for which the penalty was death by hanging. The court records of their trials are the main documentary evidence of such establishments that survive today. On the 9th of May 1726, three men (Gabriel Lawrence, William Griffin and Thomas Wright) were hanged at Tyburn for sodomy.
1763. The Siege of Fort Detroit begins during Pontiac's War against British forces. On May 7, Pontiac entered the fort with about 300 men, armed with weapons hidden under blankets, determined to take the fort by surprise. However, the British commander Henry Gladwin had apparently been informed of Pontiac's plan, and the garrison of about 120 men was armed and ready. Pontiac withdrew and, two days later, laid siege to the fort. A number of British soldiers and civilians in the area outside the fort were captured or killed; one of the soldiers was ritually cannibalized, as was the custom in some Great Lakes Indian cultures. The violence was directed only at the British: French colonists were left alone. Eventually more than 900 Indian warriors from a half-dozen tribes joined the siege
Late in July, 260 British reinforcements under the command of Captain James Dalyell arrived at Fort Detroit. On July 31, 1763, about 250 men attempted to make a surprise attack on Pontiac’s encampment. Pontiac was ready and waiting with over 400 warriors, and defeated the British at the Battle of Bloody Run. However, the situation at the fort remained a stalemate, and Pontiac’s influence among his followers began to wane. Groups of Indians began to abandon the siege, some of them making peace with the British before departing. On October 31, 1763, finally convinced that the French in Illinois would not come to his aid, Pontiac lifted the siege and traveled south to the Maumee River, where he continued his efforts to rally resistance against the British.
In the Julian calendar the three days of the feast were May 9, 11, and 13. The myth of origin of this ancient festival was that it had been instituted by Romulus to appease the spirit of Remus. Ovid notes that at this festival it was the custom to appease or expel the evil spirits by walking barefoot and throwing black beans over the shoulder at night.
Because of this annual exorcism of the restless malevolent spirits of the dead, the whole month of May was rendered unlucky for marriages, whence the proverb Mense Maio malae nubent ('They wed ill who wed in May'), and thus the rush of June weddings "because the weather is so nice" in our own day.
This ancient custom was Christianized in the feast of All Saints' Day, established in Rome first on May 13, in order to de-paganize the Roman Lemuria. In the 8th century, as the popular observance of the Lemuria had safely faded over time, the feast of All Saints was shifted to November 1, coinciding with the similar Celtic propitiation of the spirits at Samhain.
1457 BC. The Battle of Megiddo is fought between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Kadesh. It is the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
The Battle of Megiddo was an Egyptian victory and resulted in a rout of the Canaanite forces, which fled to safety in the city of Megiddo. Their action resulted in the subsequent lengthy Siege of Megiddo. All details of the battle come from Egyptian sources -- primarily the hieroglyphic writings on the Hall of Annals in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, Thebes (now Luxor), by the military scribe Tjaneni.
1012 BC. A Solar Eclipse seen at Ugarit, lasting from 6:09–6:39 PM. Ugarit was an ancient cosmopolitan port city on the Mediterranean coast. Ugarit sent tribute to Egypt and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Cyprus, documented in the archives recovered from the site and corroborated by Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery found there. The polity was at its height from ca. 1450 BC until 1200 BC.
1092. England's Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. It was the tallest building in the world for over 200 years (1300-1549), but the central spire collapsed in the sixteenth century and was not rebuilt. (See picture.)
1450. Timurid monarch 'Abd al-Latif is assassinated. Abd al-Latif ibn Muhammad Taraghay Ulughbek, also known as 'Abd al-Latif, was the great-grandson of Central Asian warlord Timur. He was the third son of Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler of Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan).
Angry over the fact that he was to be passed over in the transfer of rule of Samarkand, he revolted while Ulugh Beg was marching to retake Khurasan. He defeated his father at Dimashq, near Samarkand, in the fall of 1449. Ulugh Beg later decided to surrender himself, and 'Abd al-Latif granted him permission to take a pilgrimage to Mecca, but while Ulugh Beg was on his way he was ordered murdered by his son. A few days later he also had his brother 'Abd al-'Aziz killed. But this did not save him from a conspiracy hatched against him by the amirs. His reign lasted for only six months.
1502. Christopher Columbus leaves Cadiz, Spain, on his fourth and final trip to the Western Hemisphere.
1671. Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. For reasons not fully known, the King pardoned Blood. He also granted a general pardon for any crimes which Blood may have committed since the Restoration eleven years before.
Although Charles II was known as "the Merry Monarch," he is unlikely to have released Blood merely as a reward for his derring-do. Historians have noted the Royal money troubles, and have speculated that Blood was acting under orders. The jewels, most of which were made for Charles II, may have been destined to be broken up and sold on the continent and the proceeds used to refill the royal treasury.
Far from punishing him, the King restored Blood's estates in Ireland and made him a member of his court with an annual pension. Captain Blood became a colorful celebrity all across the kingdom, and when he died in 1680 his body had to be exhumed in order to persuade the public that he was actually dead.
1726. Three men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn. A Molly house is an archaic English term for a tavern or private room where homosexual males could meet each other and possible sexual partners. Found in most of the larger cities, Molly houses were a precursor to the modern gay bar.
The most famous of these was Mother Clap's molly house in the Holborn area of London. In the 18th century, homosexual males in England were prosecuted under sodomy laws for which the penalty was death by hanging. The court records of their trials are the main documentary evidence of such establishments that survive today. On the 9th of May 1726, three men (Gabriel Lawrence, William Griffin and Thomas Wright) were hanged at Tyburn for sodomy.
1763. The Siege of Fort Detroit begins during Pontiac's War against British forces. On May 7, Pontiac entered the fort with about 300 men, armed with weapons hidden under blankets, determined to take the fort by surprise. However, the British commander Henry Gladwin had apparently been informed of Pontiac's plan, and the garrison of about 120 men was armed and ready. Pontiac withdrew and, two days later, laid siege to the fort. A number of British soldiers and civilians in the area outside the fort were captured or killed; one of the soldiers was ritually cannibalized, as was the custom in some Great Lakes Indian cultures. The violence was directed only at the British: French colonists were left alone. Eventually more than 900 Indian warriors from a half-dozen tribes joined the siege
Late in July, 260 British reinforcements under the command of Captain James Dalyell arrived at Fort Detroit. On July 31, 1763, about 250 men attempted to make a surprise attack on Pontiac’s encampment. Pontiac was ready and waiting with over 400 warriors, and defeated the British at the Battle of Bloody Run. However, the situation at the fort remained a stalemate, and Pontiac’s influence among his followers began to wane. Groups of Indians began to abandon the siege, some of them making peace with the British before departing. On October 31, 1763, finally convinced that the French in Illinois would not come to his aid, Pontiac lifted the siege and traveled south to the Maumee River, where he continued his efforts to rally resistance against the British.
Attachments
1868. The city of Reno, Nevada, is founded.
1873. Der Krach, the Vienna stock market crash, heralds the Long Depression.
The Long Depression (1873–1896) affected much of the world from the early 1870s until the mid-1890s and was contemporary with the Second Industrial Revolution. At the time it was regarded as the Great Depression , until the more severe Great Depression occurred in the 1930s. It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, but this is in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit by the Long Depression, and during this period it lost much of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. The Depression is usually believed to have ended by 1897.
1877. A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan. The resulting tsunami affected the coasts of Peru and northern Chile and was observed across the Pacific Ocean, in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawaii, Mexico, California and Japan. At Arica eight separate large waves were recorded.
1887. Buffalo Bill's Wild West show opens in London, giving Queen Victoria and her subjects their first look at real cowboys and Indians. Audiences loved Cody's reenactments of frontier events: an attack on a Deadwood stage, a Pony Express relay race, and most exciting of all, the spectacle of Custer's Last Stand at the Little Big Horn. Even more popular were the displays of western outdoor skills like rope tricks, bulldogging, and amazing feats of marksmanship.
1901. Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne.
1904. The steam locomotive City of Truro becomes the first steam engine in Europe to exceed 100 mph.
1913. The 17th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing for the popular election of senators, is ratified.
1914. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson issues a presidential proclamation that officially establishes the first national Mother's Day holiday to celebrate America's mothers.
1920. During the Polish-Soviet War, the Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrate their capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreschatyk. The war was the result of conflicting expansionist attempts. Poland, whose statehood had just been re-established following the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century by the Treaty of Versailles, sought to secure territories which she had lost at the time of partitions; the Soviet's aim was to control those same territories, which had been part of Imperial Russia until the turbulent events of the Great War. Both countries claimed victory in the war -- the Poles claimed a successful defense of their state, while the Soviets claimed a repulse of the Polish eastward invasion of Ukraine and Belarus, which they viewed as a part of foreign intervention in the Russian Civil War.
1926. According to their claims, polar explorer Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett fly over the North Pole on this day in the Josephine Ford, a triple-engine Fokker monoplane. It would have been the first time an aircraft flew over the top of the world. The pair had taken off from Spitsbergen, Norway, and reportedly covered the 1,545-mile trip to the pole and back in 15 hours and 30 minutes. For the achievement, both men were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor and acclaimed as national heroes.
The discovery in 1996 of the diary that Byrd had kept on his famous flight seemed to suggest that he and Bennett may have turned back 150 miles short of the pole because of an oil leak. If so, Italian adventurer Umberto Nobile, American Lincoln Ellsworth, and Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (who was in 1911 the first person to reach the South Pole by land) would receive the credit for their airship flight over the North Pole on May 12, 1926, three days after Fletcher and Byrd's flight.
1936. Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
1936. English actress and politician Glenda Jackson is born in Birkenhead, The Wirral, Cheshire, across the River Mersey from Liverpool, into a working-class family. Jackson made her professional stage debut in Terence Rattigan's Separate Tables in 1957, and her film debut in This Sporting Life in 1963.
Fame came with Jackson's starring role in the controversial Women in Love (1969) for which she won her first Academy Award for Best Actress, and another controversial role as Tchaikovsky's nymphomaniac wife in Ken Russell's The Music Lovers added to her image of being prepared to do almost anything for her art. (See pictures.)
She retired from acting in order to enter the House of Commons in the 1992 general election as the Labour MP for Hampstead and Highgate.
1941. In World War II, the German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages. The intelligence gleaned from this source, codenamed "Ultra" by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war effort.
1945. With World War II over in Europe, Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army. Göring was a political and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe.
He was tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials in 1945-1946 and sentenced to death by hanging; however, he escaped the hangman's noose around two hours before his scheduled execution by way of potassium cyanide. The last commander of Manfred von Richthofen's famous air squadron, Göring was a war hero of World War I and for continuous courage in action was awarded the coveted Pour le Mérite.
1950. L. Ron Hubbard publishes his book on Dianetics, entitled Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.
1955. Ten years after the Nazis were defeated in World War II, West Germany formally joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense group aimed at containing Soviet expansion in Europe. This action marked the final step of West Germany's integration into the Western European defense system.
1960. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves sale of the birth control pill, and launches the sexual revolution in the United States.
1964. Following the ascension of I Wanna Hold Your Hand to #1 in early February, the Beatles held the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100 for three and a half solid months -- longer than any popular artist before or since. But just when it seemed that no homegrown act would ever stand up to the British invaders, one of least likely American stars imaginable proved himself equal to the task. On May 9, 1964, the great Louis Armstrong, age 63, broke the Beatles' stranglehold on the U.S. pop charts with the #1 hit Hello Dolly.
1974. The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard M. Nixon in the wake of the Watergate Scandal.
1978. The body of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is found, riddled by bullets, in the back of a car in the center of historic Rome. He was kidnapped by Red Brigade terrorists on March 16 after a bloody shoot-out near his suburban home. The Italian government refused to negotiate with the extreme left-wing group, which, after numerous threats, executed Moro on May 9. He was a five-time prime minister of Italy and considered a front-runner for the presidency of Italy in elections due in December.
1980. In Norco, California, five masked gunman hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunman and two police officers were killed while 33 police and civilian vehicles were destroyed in the chase.
1987. A Polish LOT Ilyushin IL-62M Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing 183 people.
1992. Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the Karabakh War. The Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan.
1994. Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's first black president.
2001. During a soccer match at Accra Stadium in Ghana, an encounter between police and rowdy fans results in a stampede that kills 126 people. This tragedy was the worst-ever sports-related disaster in Africa's history to that time.
2004. Chechen president Akhmad Kadyrov is killed in a landmine bomb blast under a VIP stage during a World War II memorial victory parade in Grozny, Chechnya.
2011. Five explosions rock Tripoli in Libya following the heaviest NATO bombing offensive in a week. Meanwhile, heavy shooting is heard in a western suburb of Damascus as the Syrian Army advances against anti-government protesters.
In the United States, floods in Mississippi worsen, with the Army Corps of Engineers saying an area between Simmesport, Louisiana and Baton Rouge may be inundated under 20-30 feet of water.
1873. Der Krach, the Vienna stock market crash, heralds the Long Depression.
The Long Depression (1873–1896) affected much of the world from the early 1870s until the mid-1890s and was contemporary with the Second Industrial Revolution. At the time it was regarded as the Great Depression , until the more severe Great Depression occurred in the 1930s. It was most notable in Western Europe and North America, but this is in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world. The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit by the Long Depression, and during this period it lost much of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe. The Depression is usually believed to have ended by 1897.
1877. A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan. The resulting tsunami affected the coasts of Peru and northern Chile and was observed across the Pacific Ocean, in Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawaii, Mexico, California and Japan. At Arica eight separate large waves were recorded.
1887. Buffalo Bill's Wild West show opens in London, giving Queen Victoria and her subjects their first look at real cowboys and Indians. Audiences loved Cody's reenactments of frontier events: an attack on a Deadwood stage, a Pony Express relay race, and most exciting of all, the spectacle of Custer's Last Stand at the Little Big Horn. Even more popular were the displays of western outdoor skills like rope tricks, bulldogging, and amazing feats of marksmanship.
1901. Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne.
1904. The steam locomotive City of Truro becomes the first steam engine in Europe to exceed 100 mph.
1913. The 17th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing for the popular election of senators, is ratified.
1914. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson issues a presidential proclamation that officially establishes the first national Mother's Day holiday to celebrate America's mothers.
1920. During the Polish-Soviet War, the Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrate their capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreschatyk. The war was the result of conflicting expansionist attempts. Poland, whose statehood had just been re-established following the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century by the Treaty of Versailles, sought to secure territories which she had lost at the time of partitions; the Soviet's aim was to control those same territories, which had been part of Imperial Russia until the turbulent events of the Great War. Both countries claimed victory in the war -- the Poles claimed a successful defense of their state, while the Soviets claimed a repulse of the Polish eastward invasion of Ukraine and Belarus, which they viewed as a part of foreign intervention in the Russian Civil War.
1926. According to their claims, polar explorer Richard E. Byrd and co-pilot Floyd Bennett fly over the North Pole on this day in the Josephine Ford, a triple-engine Fokker monoplane. It would have been the first time an aircraft flew over the top of the world. The pair had taken off from Spitsbergen, Norway, and reportedly covered the 1,545-mile trip to the pole and back in 15 hours and 30 minutes. For the achievement, both men were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor and acclaimed as national heroes.
The discovery in 1996 of the diary that Byrd had kept on his famous flight seemed to suggest that he and Bennett may have turned back 150 miles short of the pole because of an oil leak. If so, Italian adventurer Umberto Nobile, American Lincoln Ellsworth, and Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (who was in 1911 the first person to reach the South Pole by land) would receive the credit for their airship flight over the North Pole on May 12, 1926, three days after Fletcher and Byrd's flight.
1936. Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
1936. English actress and politician Glenda Jackson is born in Birkenhead, The Wirral, Cheshire, across the River Mersey from Liverpool, into a working-class family. Jackson made her professional stage debut in Terence Rattigan's Separate Tables in 1957, and her film debut in This Sporting Life in 1963.
Fame came with Jackson's starring role in the controversial Women in Love (1969) for which she won her first Academy Award for Best Actress, and another controversial role as Tchaikovsky's nymphomaniac wife in Ken Russell's The Music Lovers added to her image of being prepared to do almost anything for her art. (See pictures.)
She retired from acting in order to enter the House of Commons in the 1992 general election as the Labour MP for Hampstead and Highgate.
1941. In World War II, the German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages. The intelligence gleaned from this source, codenamed "Ultra" by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war effort.
1945. With World War II over in Europe, Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army. Göring was a political and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe.
He was tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials in 1945-1946 and sentenced to death by hanging; however, he escaped the hangman's noose around two hours before his scheduled execution by way of potassium cyanide. The last commander of Manfred von Richthofen's famous air squadron, Göring was a war hero of World War I and for continuous courage in action was awarded the coveted Pour le Mérite.
1950. L. Ron Hubbard publishes his book on Dianetics, entitled Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.
1955. Ten years after the Nazis were defeated in World War II, West Germany formally joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a mutual defense group aimed at containing Soviet expansion in Europe. This action marked the final step of West Germany's integration into the Western European defense system.
1960. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves sale of the birth control pill, and launches the sexual revolution in the United States.
1964. Following the ascension of I Wanna Hold Your Hand to #1 in early February, the Beatles held the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100 for three and a half solid months -- longer than any popular artist before or since. But just when it seemed that no homegrown act would ever stand up to the British invaders, one of least likely American stars imaginable proved himself equal to the task. On May 9, 1964, the great Louis Armstrong, age 63, broke the Beatles' stranglehold on the U.S. pop charts with the #1 hit Hello Dolly.
1974. The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard M. Nixon in the wake of the Watergate Scandal.
1978. The body of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro is found, riddled by bullets, in the back of a car in the center of historic Rome. He was kidnapped by Red Brigade terrorists on March 16 after a bloody shoot-out near his suburban home. The Italian government refused to negotiate with the extreme left-wing group, which, after numerous threats, executed Moro on May 9. He was a five-time prime minister of Italy and considered a front-runner for the presidency of Italy in elections due in December.
1980. In Norco, California, five masked gunman hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunman and two police officers were killed while 33 police and civilian vehicles were destroyed in the chase.
1987. A Polish LOT Ilyushin IL-62M Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing 183 people.
1992. Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the Karabakh War. The Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the small enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by the Republic of Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan.
1994. Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's first black president.
2001. During a soccer match at Accra Stadium in Ghana, an encounter between police and rowdy fans results in a stampede that kills 126 people. This tragedy was the worst-ever sports-related disaster in Africa's history to that time.
2004. Chechen president Akhmad Kadyrov is killed in a landmine bomb blast under a VIP stage during a World War II memorial victory parade in Grozny, Chechnya.
2011. Five explosions rock Tripoli in Libya following the heaviest NATO bombing offensive in a week. Meanwhile, heavy shooting is heard in a western suburb of Damascus as the Syrian Army advances against anti-government protesters.
In the United States, floods in Mississippi worsen, with the Army Corps of Engineers saying an area between Simmesport, Louisiana and Baton Rouge may be inundated under 20-30 feet of water.
Attachments
10th May: Solangia/ SolangeVirgin Martyr, c. 880.
She was born to the poor but devout family of a vineyard labourer in the town of Villemont, near Bourges in the former Province of Berry (of which she is patroness). She consecrated her virginity at the age of seven. According to some, her mere presence cured the sick and drove out devils.
Bernard, son of the count of Poitierswas highly taken with her beauty and popularity, so he made advances to her when she was working as a shepherdess, but she rejected him, so he decided to abduct her.
At night, he came and took her by force, but she struggled so violently that she fell from his horse while he was crossing a stream. He grew enraged and beheaded her with his sword.
According to the legend, Solange's severed head called out the name of Jesus three times. She then picked up her head and walked with it as far as the church in the village of Saint-Martin-du-Crot, which is now Sainte Solange, Dept. Cher, the only commune in France to bear her name. She dropped dead when she arrived there.
Her 'God-given name' now belongs to Beyonce's sister: Guys have similar difficulty keeping their hands off Solange Knowles:
(ropey amateur video, skip to 3'25 for the action)
She was born to the poor but devout family of a vineyard labourer in the town of Villemont, near Bourges in the former Province of Berry (of which she is patroness). She consecrated her virginity at the age of seven. According to some, her mere presence cured the sick and drove out devils.
Bernard, son of the count of Poitierswas highly taken with her beauty and popularity, so he made advances to her when she was working as a shepherdess, but she rejected him, so he decided to abduct her.
At night, he came and took her by force, but she struggled so violently that she fell from his horse while he was crossing a stream. He grew enraged and beheaded her with his sword.
According to the legend, Solange's severed head called out the name of Jesus three times. She then picked up her head and walked with it as far as the church in the village of Saint-Martin-du-Crot, which is now Sainte Solange, Dept. Cher, the only commune in France to bear her name. She dropped dead when she arrived there.
Her 'God-given name' now belongs to Beyonce's sister: Guys have similar difficulty keeping their hands off Solange Knowles:
Had nothin' to do with it...
Tree
Tree
Bonsoir, as I must work on Messa's plight tonight...
Tomorrow, where ever you are...
T
Tomorrow, where ever you are...
T
In ancient Rome, May 10 was the feast of Mania (or Manea), the goddess of the dead. She, along with Mantus, ruled the underworld. She was said to be the mother of ghosts, the undead and other spirits of the night, as well as the Lares.
May 10 is Confederate Memorial Day in North Carolina and South Carolina. The date was evidently chosen because it is the anniversary of Confederate General Stonwall Jackson's death in 1863 and the capture of Confederate President Jefferson Davis in 1865.
70. In the Roman Empire's Siege of Jerusalem, Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, opens an full-scale assault on Jerusalem and attacks the city's Third Wall to the northwest.
The Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 AD was a decisive event in the First Jewish-Roman War. It was followed by the fall of Masada in 73 AD. The Roman army, led by the future Emperor Titus, with Tiberius Julius Alexander as his second-in-command, besieged and conquered the city of Jerusalem, which had been occupied by its Jewish defenders in 66 AD. The city and its famous Temple were destroyed in 70 AD.
1291. Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England. Edward I, popularly known as "Longshanks," also as "Edward the Lawgiver" because of his legal reforms, and as "Hammer of the Scots" because of wishful thinking, achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who tried to do the same to Scotland. He reigned from 1272 to 1307. He was voted the 94th greatest Briton in the 2002 poll of 100 Greatest Britons.
His plan to conquer Scotland never came to fruition during his lifetime, however, and he died in 1307 at Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. Edward was buried in a lead casket, wishing to be moved to the usual regal gold casket only when Scotland was fully conquered and part of the Kingdom of England. To this day he still lies in the lead casket -- although the thrones of Scotland and England were united in a personal union in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne, a bit of irony that would have made Longshanks gnash his teeth.
1503. Christopher Columbus visits the Cayman Islands and names them Las Tortugas after the numerous turtles there.
1534. Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland. Cartier was a French navigator who first explored and described the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named Canada.
1655. England, with troops under the command of Admiral William Penn and General Robert Venables, annexes Jamaica from Spain.
1768. John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for The North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London.
1775. During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by a small force led by Colonel Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen. Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson River Valley and the French-controlled Saint Lawrence River Valley. The name "Ticonderoga" comes from an Iroquois word tekontaró:ken, meaning "it is at the junction of two waterways." Originally built by the French, Fort Ticonderoga was the site of four battles over the course of 20 years. (See pictures.) On May 10, 1775, a sleeping British garrison of 22 soldiers was surprised by a small force of Vermonters who called themselves the Green Mountain Boys, and were led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, who walked into the fort through an unlocked gate. Not a single shot was fired. The colonies obtained a large supply of cannons and powder, much of which was hauled 300 km by Henry Knox during the winter of 1775-1776, to Boston, to support the Siege of Boston.
1775. On the same day, representatives from the 13 colonies of the United States meet in Philadelphia and raise the Continental Army to defend the new republic. They place it under command of George Washington of Virginia.
1801. The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States.
1837. In the Panic of 1837, New York City banks fail. The Panic resulted from speculative fever. The bubble burst on May 10 in New York City, when every bank stopped payment in gold and silver coinage. The Panic was followed by a five-year depression, with the failure of banks and record high unemployment levels.
Martin Van Buren, who became President in March 1837, five weeks before the Panic engulfed the young republic's economy, was blamed for the Panic. His refusal to involve the Government in the economy was said by some to have contributed to the damages and duration of the Panic.
1849 A riot breaks out at the Astor Opera House in Manhattan, New York City over a dispute between actors Edwin Forrest and William Charles Macready, killing at least 25 and injuring over 120. It was the deadliest riot to that date of a number of civic disturbances in New York City which generally pitted immigrants and nativists against each other, or together against the upper classes who controlled the city's police and the state militia.
The riot marked the first time a state militia had been called out and had shot into a crowd of citizens, and it led to the creation of the first police force armed with deadly weapons, yet its genesis was a dispute between Edwin Forrest, one of the best-known American actors of that time, and William Charles Macready, a similarly notable English actor, which largely revolved around which of them was better than the other at acting the major roles of Shakespeare.
1863. Stonewall Jackson dies. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He is most famous for his audacious Valley Campaign of 1862 and as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee. His own troops accidentally shot him at the battle of Chancellorsville and he died of complications from an amputated arm and pneumonia several days later. His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting not only its military prospects, but the morale of its army and the general public; as Jackson lay dying, General Robert E. Lee stated, "He has lost his left arm; I have lost my right." Military historians consider Jackson to be one of the most gifted tactical commanders in United States history. His Valley Campaign and his envelopment of the Union Army right wing at Chancellorsville are studied worldwide even today as examples of innovative and bold leadership.
1865. Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia. Davis met with his Confederate Cabinet for the last time on May 5, 1865 in Washington, Georgia, and the Confederate Government was officially dissolved. On May 10, he was captured in Irwin County, Georgia. After being captured, he was held as a prisoner for two years in Fort Monroe, Virginia.
Davis was indicted for treason a year later. After two years of imprisonment, he was released on bail which was posted by prominent citizens of both northern and southern states, including Horace Greeley, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Gerrit Smith (Smith had earlier supported John Brown). In December 1868, the court rejected a motion to nullify the indictment, but the prosecution dropped the case in February 1869. Elected to the U.S. Senate again, Davis was refused the seat in 1875, having been barred from Federal office by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to Section 3 of the Amendment: No one shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
1869. The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike.
1877. Romania declares itself independent from Turkey, following the Senate adoption of Mihail Kogălniceanu's Declaration of Independence. This act was recognized on March 26, 1881 after the end of the Romanian War of Independence.
1877. U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes has the White House's first telephone installed in the mansion s telegraph room. President Hayes embraced the new technology, though he rarely received phone calls. In fact, the Treasury Department possessed the only other direct phone line to the White House at that time.
May 10 is Confederate Memorial Day in North Carolina and South Carolina. The date was evidently chosen because it is the anniversary of Confederate General Stonwall Jackson's death in 1863 and the capture of Confederate President Jefferson Davis in 1865.
70. In the Roman Empire's Siege of Jerusalem, Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, opens an full-scale assault on Jerusalem and attacks the city's Third Wall to the northwest.
The Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 AD was a decisive event in the First Jewish-Roman War. It was followed by the fall of Masada in 73 AD. The Roman army, led by the future Emperor Titus, with Tiberius Julius Alexander as his second-in-command, besieged and conquered the city of Jerusalem, which had been occupied by its Jewish defenders in 66 AD. The city and its famous Temple were destroyed in 70 AD.
1291. Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England. Edward I, popularly known as "Longshanks," also as "Edward the Lawgiver" because of his legal reforms, and as "Hammer of the Scots" because of wishful thinking, achieved fame as the monarch who conquered Wales and who tried to do the same to Scotland. He reigned from 1272 to 1307. He was voted the 94th greatest Briton in the 2002 poll of 100 Greatest Britons.
His plan to conquer Scotland never came to fruition during his lifetime, however, and he died in 1307 at Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. Edward was buried in a lead casket, wishing to be moved to the usual regal gold casket only when Scotland was fully conquered and part of the Kingdom of England. To this day he still lies in the lead casket -- although the thrones of Scotland and England were united in a personal union in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I and the accession of James VI of Scotland to the English throne, a bit of irony that would have made Longshanks gnash his teeth.
1503. Christopher Columbus visits the Cayman Islands and names them Las Tortugas after the numerous turtles there.
1534. Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland. Cartier was a French navigator who first explored and described the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named Canada.
1655. England, with troops under the command of Admiral William Penn and General Robert Venables, annexes Jamaica from Spain.
1768. John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for The North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London.
1775. During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by a small force led by Colonel Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen. Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson River Valley and the French-controlled Saint Lawrence River Valley. The name "Ticonderoga" comes from an Iroquois word tekontaró:ken, meaning "it is at the junction of two waterways." Originally built by the French, Fort Ticonderoga was the site of four battles over the course of 20 years. (See pictures.) On May 10, 1775, a sleeping British garrison of 22 soldiers was surprised by a small force of Vermonters who called themselves the Green Mountain Boys, and were led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, who walked into the fort through an unlocked gate. Not a single shot was fired. The colonies obtained a large supply of cannons and powder, much of which was hauled 300 km by Henry Knox during the winter of 1775-1776, to Boston, to support the Siege of Boston.
1775. On the same day, representatives from the 13 colonies of the United States meet in Philadelphia and raise the Continental Army to defend the new republic. They place it under command of George Washington of Virginia.
1801. The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States.
1837. In the Panic of 1837, New York City banks fail. The Panic resulted from speculative fever. The bubble burst on May 10 in New York City, when every bank stopped payment in gold and silver coinage. The Panic was followed by a five-year depression, with the failure of banks and record high unemployment levels.
Martin Van Buren, who became President in March 1837, five weeks before the Panic engulfed the young republic's economy, was blamed for the Panic. His refusal to involve the Government in the economy was said by some to have contributed to the damages and duration of the Panic.
1849 A riot breaks out at the Astor Opera House in Manhattan, New York City over a dispute between actors Edwin Forrest and William Charles Macready, killing at least 25 and injuring over 120. It was the deadliest riot to that date of a number of civic disturbances in New York City which generally pitted immigrants and nativists against each other, or together against the upper classes who controlled the city's police and the state militia.
The riot marked the first time a state militia had been called out and had shot into a crowd of citizens, and it led to the creation of the first police force armed with deadly weapons, yet its genesis was a dispute between Edwin Forrest, one of the best-known American actors of that time, and William Charles Macready, a similarly notable English actor, which largely revolved around which of them was better than the other at acting the major roles of Shakespeare.
1863. Stonewall Jackson dies. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. He is most famous for his audacious Valley Campaign of 1862 and as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee. His own troops accidentally shot him at the battle of Chancellorsville and he died of complications from an amputated arm and pneumonia several days later. His death was a severe setback for the Confederacy, affecting not only its military prospects, but the morale of its army and the general public; as Jackson lay dying, General Robert E. Lee stated, "He has lost his left arm; I have lost my right." Military historians consider Jackson to be one of the most gifted tactical commanders in United States history. His Valley Campaign and his envelopment of the Union Army right wing at Chancellorsville are studied worldwide even today as examples of innovative and bold leadership.
1865. Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia. Davis met with his Confederate Cabinet for the last time on May 5, 1865 in Washington, Georgia, and the Confederate Government was officially dissolved. On May 10, he was captured in Irwin County, Georgia. After being captured, he was held as a prisoner for two years in Fort Monroe, Virginia.
Davis was indicted for treason a year later. After two years of imprisonment, he was released on bail which was posted by prominent citizens of both northern and southern states, including Horace Greeley, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Gerrit Smith (Smith had earlier supported John Brown). In December 1868, the court rejected a motion to nullify the indictment, but the prosecution dropped the case in February 1869. Elected to the U.S. Senate again, Davis was refused the seat in 1875, having been barred from Federal office by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to Section 3 of the Amendment: No one shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
1869. The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah with the golden spike.
1877. Romania declares itself independent from Turkey, following the Senate adoption of Mihail Kogălniceanu's Declaration of Independence. This act was recognized on March 26, 1881 after the end of the Romanian War of Independence.
1877. U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes has the White House's first telephone installed in the mansion s telegraph room. President Hayes embraced the new technology, though he rarely received phone calls. In fact, the Treasury Department possessed the only other direct phone line to the White House at that time.
Attachments
1908. Mother's Day is observed for the first time in the U.S. by Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia.
1924. J. Edgar Hoover is appointed the Director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, and remains so until his death in 1972. One reason for Hoover's remarkable longevity in office were the dossiers he kept on U.S. political leaders, particularly presidents. According to one oft told rumor, when Robert Kennedy was attorney general, he wanted to fire Hoover. Bobby was overruled by brother Jack, the president. It seems that Hoover tipped off the president that a copious file existed, documenting JFK's sundry affairs, including a woman he evidently "shared" with a Mafia boss; Hoover ended the disclosure by reassuring the president that as long as he, Hoover, was in charge of the FBI, the information would never see the light of day. The threat was only implicit but JFK got the message.
1933. The Nazis stage massive public book burnings in Germany.
1940. Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, is called to replace Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister following the latter's resignation after losing a confidence vote in the House of Commons.
1940. The first German bombs of World War II fall on England at Chilham and Petham, in Kent.
1941. During World War II, Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland in order to try and negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany. Hess was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler's deputy in the Nazi Party. On the eve of war with the Soviet Union, he flew to Glasgow, Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace, but was arrested. He was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to life internment at Spandau Prison, where he died in 1987. Many historians and legal commentators have expressed opinions that his long imprisonment was an injustice. In his book The Second World War Part III Winston Churchill wrote, "Reflecting upon the whole of the story, I am glad not to be responsible for the way in which Hess has been and is being treated. Whatevermay be the moral guilt of a German who stood near to Hitler, Hess had, in my view, atoned for this by his completely devoted and frantic deed of lunatic benevolence. He came to us of his own free will, and, though without authority, had something of the quality of an envoy. He was a medical and not a criminal case, and should be so regarded."
1954. Bill Haley and the Comets release Rock Around the Clock, the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the charts. Although probably not the first rock and roll record (according to some musical historians, that honor belongs to Haley's cover version of the 1951 rhythm and blues hit, Rocket 88), it is the first recording to be universally acknowledged as a rock and roll record. It is considered by many to be the song that put rock and roll on the map in America and around the world.
1960. The nuclear submarine USS Triton completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the earth.
1965. Canadian supermodel Linda Evangelista is born in St. Catharines, Ontario. Along with Christy Turlington, Claudia Schiffer, Cindy Crawford and Naomi Campbell, Linda is regarded as one of the few, true supermodels that changed the face of fashion in the late 1980s and early 1990s. (See pictures.) The triumvirate of model friends that comprises Linda Evangelista, Naomi Campbell and Christy Turlington was affectionately dubbed "The Trinity" and is commonly credited as responsible for sparking supermodel mania. The Trinity pushed for better wages for models and for better projects and subsequently Evangelista was called the founder of the supermodel "union."
1970. The Boston Bruins win their first Stanley Cup since 1941 when Bobby Orr scores an overtime winning goal followed by a leap in the air that would become one of the most famous photographs in ice hockey -- "The Goal." (See picture.) That "leap" was caused when Orr was tripped by a St. Louis Blues player just as he scored. By the way, there is a curious karma between Boston and St. Louis -- the New England Patriots won their first Super Bowl against a St. Louis team and the Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World Series against another St. Louis team to break the "Curse of the Bambino."
1979. The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
1981. François Mitterrand takes office as the first Socialist President of France.
1994. The state of Illinois executes convicted serial killer John Wayne Gacy for the murders of 33 young men and boys.
1996. A "rogue storm" near the summit of Mount Everest kills eight climbers, making this the deadliest day in the mountain's history. Among the dead are experienced climbers Rob Hall and Scott Fischer, both of whom were leading paid expeditions to the summit.
1997. A 7.3 Mw earthquake strikes Iran's Khorasan Province, killing 1,567, injuring over 2,300, leaving 50,000 homeless, and damaging or destroying over 15,000 homes.
2002. A 39-day standoff between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem ends with 13 suspected militants flown into European exile and 26 released into the Gaza Strip.
2005. A hand grenade thrown by Vladimir Arutinian lands about 65 feet (20 meters) from United States President George W. Bush while he is giving a speech to a crowd in Tbilisi, Georgia, but malfunctions and does not detonate. Police arrested Arutinian after a shootout on July 20, 2005. During the skirmish Arutinian killed a Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs agent. He then fled into the woods in the village of Vashlijvari on the outskirts of Tbilisi. After being wounded in the leg, he was captured by Special Forces soldiers about an hour later. He confessed in the hospital as staff treated him for gunshot wounds. The city court of Tbilisi sentenced him to life imprisonment on January 11, 2006,
2008. An EF4 tornado strikes the Oklahoma-Kansas state line, killing 21 people and injuring over 100.
2011. Mississippi River flooding worsens, with the Army Corps of Engineers saying an area between Simmesport, Louisiana and Baton Rouge will be submerged 20-30 feet, and 13% of US oil refinery output disrupted. Flood levels at Memphis, Tennessee reach 47.87 feet (14.59 meters) the highest level since 1937' when it reached 48.7 feet (14.8 meters).
Elsewhere, opposition forces in Libya make gains amid NATO bombing, reportedly operating out of the capital Tripoli while 54 Somalis fleeing the civil war in Libya drown after their boat sinks off the coast of Tripoli.G4
1924. J. Edgar Hoover is appointed the Director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, and remains so until his death in 1972. One reason for Hoover's remarkable longevity in office were the dossiers he kept on U.S. political leaders, particularly presidents. According to one oft told rumor, when Robert Kennedy was attorney general, he wanted to fire Hoover. Bobby was overruled by brother Jack, the president. It seems that Hoover tipped off the president that a copious file existed, documenting JFK's sundry affairs, including a woman he evidently "shared" with a Mafia boss; Hoover ended the disclosure by reassuring the president that as long as he, Hoover, was in charge of the FBI, the information would never see the light of day. The threat was only implicit but JFK got the message.
1933. The Nazis stage massive public book burnings in Germany.
1940. Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, is called to replace Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister following the latter's resignation after losing a confidence vote in the House of Commons.
1940. The first German bombs of World War II fall on England at Chilham and Petham, in Kent.
1941. During World War II, Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland in order to try and negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany. Hess was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler's deputy in the Nazi Party. On the eve of war with the Soviet Union, he flew to Glasgow, Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace, but was arrested. He was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to life internment at Spandau Prison, where he died in 1987. Many historians and legal commentators have expressed opinions that his long imprisonment was an injustice. In his book The Second World War Part III Winston Churchill wrote, "Reflecting upon the whole of the story, I am glad not to be responsible for the way in which Hess has been and is being treated. Whatevermay be the moral guilt of a German who stood near to Hitler, Hess had, in my view, atoned for this by his completely devoted and frantic deed of lunatic benevolence. He came to us of his own free will, and, though without authority, had something of the quality of an envoy. He was a medical and not a criminal case, and should be so regarded."
1954. Bill Haley and the Comets release Rock Around the Clock, the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the charts. Although probably not the first rock and roll record (according to some musical historians, that honor belongs to Haley's cover version of the 1951 rhythm and blues hit, Rocket 88), it is the first recording to be universally acknowledged as a rock and roll record. It is considered by many to be the song that put rock and roll on the map in America and around the world.
1960. The nuclear submarine USS Triton completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the earth.
1965. Canadian supermodel Linda Evangelista is born in St. Catharines, Ontario. Along with Christy Turlington, Claudia Schiffer, Cindy Crawford and Naomi Campbell, Linda is regarded as one of the few, true supermodels that changed the face of fashion in the late 1980s and early 1990s. (See pictures.) The triumvirate of model friends that comprises Linda Evangelista, Naomi Campbell and Christy Turlington was affectionately dubbed "The Trinity" and is commonly credited as responsible for sparking supermodel mania. The Trinity pushed for better wages for models and for better projects and subsequently Evangelista was called the founder of the supermodel "union."
1970. The Boston Bruins win their first Stanley Cup since 1941 when Bobby Orr scores an overtime winning goal followed by a leap in the air that would become one of the most famous photographs in ice hockey -- "The Goal." (See picture.) That "leap" was caused when Orr was tripped by a St. Louis Blues player just as he scored. By the way, there is a curious karma between Boston and St. Louis -- the New England Patriots won their first Super Bowl against a St. Louis team and the Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World Series against another St. Louis team to break the "Curse of the Bambino."
1979. The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
1981. François Mitterrand takes office as the first Socialist President of France.
1994. The state of Illinois executes convicted serial killer John Wayne Gacy for the murders of 33 young men and boys.
1996. A "rogue storm" near the summit of Mount Everest kills eight climbers, making this the deadliest day in the mountain's history. Among the dead are experienced climbers Rob Hall and Scott Fischer, both of whom were leading paid expeditions to the summit.
1997. A 7.3 Mw earthquake strikes Iran's Khorasan Province, killing 1,567, injuring over 2,300, leaving 50,000 homeless, and damaging or destroying over 15,000 homes.
2002. A 39-day standoff between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem ends with 13 suspected militants flown into European exile and 26 released into the Gaza Strip.
2005. A hand grenade thrown by Vladimir Arutinian lands about 65 feet (20 meters) from United States President George W. Bush while he is giving a speech to a crowd in Tbilisi, Georgia, but malfunctions and does not detonate. Police arrested Arutinian after a shootout on July 20, 2005. During the skirmish Arutinian killed a Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs agent. He then fled into the woods in the village of Vashlijvari on the outskirts of Tbilisi. After being wounded in the leg, he was captured by Special Forces soldiers about an hour later. He confessed in the hospital as staff treated him for gunshot wounds. The city court of Tbilisi sentenced him to life imprisonment on January 11, 2006,
2008. An EF4 tornado strikes the Oklahoma-Kansas state line, killing 21 people and injuring over 100.
2011. Mississippi River flooding worsens, with the Army Corps of Engineers saying an area between Simmesport, Louisiana and Baton Rouge will be submerged 20-30 feet, and 13% of US oil refinery output disrupted. Flood levels at Memphis, Tennessee reach 47.87 feet (14.59 meters) the highest level since 1937' when it reached 48.7 feet (14.8 meters).
Elsewhere, opposition forces in Libya make gains amid NATO bombing, reportedly operating out of the capital Tripoli while 54 Somalis fleeing the civil war in Libya drown after their boat sinks off the coast of Tripoli.G4
Attachments
May 11 has seen a prime minister's assassination, the deaths of two military legends, and two of the worst storms in U.S. history.
330. Byzantium is renamed Nova Roma during a dedication ceremony, but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople. New Rome was a common name applied to Constantinople, the city founded by emperor Constantine I the Great in 324. Although there is no evidence that such a title was actually used for official purposes in Constantine's own time, it was used at the First Council of Constantinople in 381.
The city was originally founded as Byzantium in the early days of Greek colonial expansion. Constantine later refounded a new city on this site. After a history of over 1,100 years as the principal city of the eastern Empire, and then the capital after the fall of the western Empire of the Roman Empire, Constantinople fell to the Ottomans on Tuesday May 29, 1453. This date marks the real end of the Roman Empire. according to historian Eugen Weber.
912. Alexander becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Alexander was crowned co-emperor by his father in about the year 879. Upon his brother's death on May 11, 912 Alexander succeeded as senior emperor alongside Leo's young son Constantine VII. He was the first Byzantine emperor to use the term "autocrator" on coinage to celebrate the ending of his thirty-three years as co-emperor. Alexander promptly dismissed most of Leo's advisers and appointees, including the Empress Zoe Karbonopsina, the mother of Constantine VII whom he locked up in a nunnery.
The sources are uniformly hostile towards Alexander, who is depicted as lazy, lecherous, and malignant, including the rumor that he planned to castrate the young Constantine VII in order to exclude him from the succession. During his short reign, Alexander found himself attacked by the forces of Al-Muqtadir of the Abbasid Caliphate in the East, and provoked a war with Simeon I of Bulgaria by refusing to send the traditional tribute on his accession. Alexander died of exhaustion after a game of tzykanion on June 6, 913, allegedly fulfilling his brother's prophesy that he would reign for 13 months.
1310. 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake in France for being heretics. The Templars' existence was tied closely to the Crusades; when the Holy Land was lost, support for the Order faded. Rumors about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created mistrust, and King Philip IV of France, deeply in debt to the Order, took advantage of the situation. In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake. Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312. The abrupt disappearance of a major part of the European infrastructure gave rise to speculation and legends, which have kept the "Templar" name alive into the modern day.
1502. Christopher Columbus leaves for his fourth and final voyage to the West Indies.
1647. Peter Stuyvesant arrives in New Amsterdam (present day New York) to become governor.
1745. At the Battle of Fontenoy during the War of Austrian Succession, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army.
1812. Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, London. He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated.It was under Perceval that William Wilberforce passed his Bill abolishing the slave trade. When Napoleon Bonaparte embargoed British trade under the Continental System, Perceval drafted Orders in Council to retaliate against foreign trade.
The Orders in Council against trade which Perceval had instituted in 1807 became unpopular in the winter of 1811 with Luddite riots breaking out. They were also a cause of the War of 1812 with the United States of America. Perceval was forced to concede an inquiry by the House of Commons. On May 11, 1812, Perceval was on his way to attend the inquiry when he was shot through the heart in the lobby of the House of Commons by a mentally unsound man called John Bellingham. He died almost instantly, and Bellingham gave himself up to officers. He was found guilty and hanged a week later.
1820. The ship that took Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage, HMS Beagle, is launched.
1846. U.S. President James K. Polk asks for and receives a Declaration of War against Mexico, starting the Mexican-American War Polk was the last strong pre-Civil War president, and he is the earliest of whom there are surviving photographs taken during a term in office. He is noted for his foreign policy successes. He threatened war with Britain over the issue of which nation owned the Oregon Country, then backed away and split the ownership of the region with Britain. When Mexico rejected American annexation of Texas, Polk led the nation to a sweeping victory in the Mexican-American War, which gave the United States most of its present Southwest. Scholars have ranked him favorably on the list of greatest presidents for his ability to set an agenda and achieve all of it. Polk has been called the "least known consequential president" of the United States.
1858. Minnesota is admitted to the Union as the 32nd U.S. state.
1862. During the American Civil War, the ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
On March 9, 1862, the world's first battle between ironclads took place. The smaller, nimbler Monitor was able to outmaneuver Virginia, but neither ship proved able to do significant damage, despite numerous hits.
During the next two months, Virginia made several sorties to Hampton Roads hoping to draw Monitor into battle. Monitor, however, was under orders not to engage. Neither ironclad was ever to fight again.
Finally on May 10, 1862, advancing Union troops occupied Norfolk. Virginia was unable to retreat further up the James River due to her deep draft, nor was she seaworthy enough to enter the ocean. Without a home port, Virginia was ordered blown up to keep her from being captured. Early on the morning of May 11, 1862, off Craney Island, fire reached her magazine and she was destroyed by a great explosion.
1864. Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia, in the American Civil War.
Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his mastery of reconnaissance and the use of cavalry in offensive operations. While he cultivated a cavalier image (red-lined gray cape, yellow sash, hat cocked to the side with a peacock feather, red flower in his lapel, often sporting cologne), his serious work made him Robert E. Lee's eyes and ears and inspired Southern morale.
1891. In the Ōtsu incident, Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Imperial Russia (later Nicholas II) suffers a critical head injury during a sword attack by Japanese policeman Tsuda Sanzō. He is rescued by Prince George of Greece and Denmark. He was attacked by Sanzō, one of his escort policemen, who swung at the Tsarevich's face with a saber. The quick action of Nicholas's cousin, Prince George of Greece and Denmark, who parried the second blow with his cane, saved his life. Tsuda then attempted to flee, but two rickshaw drivers in Nicholas's entourage chased him down and pulled him to the ground. Nicholas was left with a 9 centimeter long scar on the right side of his forehead, but his wound was not life-threatening.
Emperor Meiji publicly expressed sorrow at Japan's lack of hospitality towards a state guest, which led to an outpouring of public support and messages of condolences for the Tsarevich. More than 10,000 telegrams were sent wishing the Tsarevich a speedy recovery. One town in Yamagata Prefecture even legally forbade the use of the family name "Tsuda" and the given name "Sanzō". When Nicholas cut his trip to Japan short in spite of Emperor Meiji's apology, a young seamstress, Yuko Hatakeyama, slit her throat with a razor in front of the Kyoto Prefectural Office as an act of public contrition, and soon died in a hospital. Japanese media at the time labeled her as "retsujo" (lit. valiant woman) and praised her patriotism.
Tsuda received a life sentence, was sent to prison near Kushiro, Hokkaidō, and died of an illness in September of the same year.
330. Byzantium is renamed Nova Roma during a dedication ceremony, but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople. New Rome was a common name applied to Constantinople, the city founded by emperor Constantine I the Great in 324. Although there is no evidence that such a title was actually used for official purposes in Constantine's own time, it was used at the First Council of Constantinople in 381.
The city was originally founded as Byzantium in the early days of Greek colonial expansion. Constantine later refounded a new city on this site. After a history of over 1,100 years as the principal city of the eastern Empire, and then the capital after the fall of the western Empire of the Roman Empire, Constantinople fell to the Ottomans on Tuesday May 29, 1453. This date marks the real end of the Roman Empire. according to historian Eugen Weber.
912. Alexander becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Alexander was crowned co-emperor by his father in about the year 879. Upon his brother's death on May 11, 912 Alexander succeeded as senior emperor alongside Leo's young son Constantine VII. He was the first Byzantine emperor to use the term "autocrator" on coinage to celebrate the ending of his thirty-three years as co-emperor. Alexander promptly dismissed most of Leo's advisers and appointees, including the Empress Zoe Karbonopsina, the mother of Constantine VII whom he locked up in a nunnery.
The sources are uniformly hostile towards Alexander, who is depicted as lazy, lecherous, and malignant, including the rumor that he planned to castrate the young Constantine VII in order to exclude him from the succession. During his short reign, Alexander found himself attacked by the forces of Al-Muqtadir of the Abbasid Caliphate in the East, and provoked a war with Simeon I of Bulgaria by refusing to send the traditional tribute on his accession. Alexander died of exhaustion after a game of tzykanion on June 6, 913, allegedly fulfilling his brother's prophesy that he would reign for 13 months.
1310. 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake in France for being heretics. The Templars' existence was tied closely to the Crusades; when the Holy Land was lost, support for the Order faded. Rumors about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created mistrust, and King Philip IV of France, deeply in debt to the Order, took advantage of the situation. In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake. Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312. The abrupt disappearance of a major part of the European infrastructure gave rise to speculation and legends, which have kept the "Templar" name alive into the modern day.
1502. Christopher Columbus leaves for his fourth and final voyage to the West Indies.
1647. Peter Stuyvesant arrives in New Amsterdam (present day New York) to become governor.
1745. At the Battle of Fontenoy during the War of Austrian Succession, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army.
1812. Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, London. He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated.It was under Perceval that William Wilberforce passed his Bill abolishing the slave trade. When Napoleon Bonaparte embargoed British trade under the Continental System, Perceval drafted Orders in Council to retaliate against foreign trade.
The Orders in Council against trade which Perceval had instituted in 1807 became unpopular in the winter of 1811 with Luddite riots breaking out. They were also a cause of the War of 1812 with the United States of America. Perceval was forced to concede an inquiry by the House of Commons. On May 11, 1812, Perceval was on his way to attend the inquiry when he was shot through the heart in the lobby of the House of Commons by a mentally unsound man called John Bellingham. He died almost instantly, and Bellingham gave himself up to officers. He was found guilty and hanged a week later.
1820. The ship that took Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage, HMS Beagle, is launched.
1846. U.S. President James K. Polk asks for and receives a Declaration of War against Mexico, starting the Mexican-American War Polk was the last strong pre-Civil War president, and he is the earliest of whom there are surviving photographs taken during a term in office. He is noted for his foreign policy successes. He threatened war with Britain over the issue of which nation owned the Oregon Country, then backed away and split the ownership of the region with Britain. When Mexico rejected American annexation of Texas, Polk led the nation to a sweeping victory in the Mexican-American War, which gave the United States most of its present Southwest. Scholars have ranked him favorably on the list of greatest presidents for his ability to set an agenda and achieve all of it. Polk has been called the "least known consequential president" of the United States.
1858. Minnesota is admitted to the Union as the 32nd U.S. state.
1862. During the American Civil War, the ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
On March 9, 1862, the world's first battle between ironclads took place. The smaller, nimbler Monitor was able to outmaneuver Virginia, but neither ship proved able to do significant damage, despite numerous hits.
During the next two months, Virginia made several sorties to Hampton Roads hoping to draw Monitor into battle. Monitor, however, was under orders not to engage. Neither ironclad was ever to fight again.
Finally on May 10, 1862, advancing Union troops occupied Norfolk. Virginia was unable to retreat further up the James River due to her deep draft, nor was she seaworthy enough to enter the ocean. Without a home port, Virginia was ordered blown up to keep her from being captured. Early on the morning of May 11, 1862, off Craney Island, fire reached her magazine and she was destroyed by a great explosion.
1864. Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia, in the American Civil War.
Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his mastery of reconnaissance and the use of cavalry in offensive operations. While he cultivated a cavalier image (red-lined gray cape, yellow sash, hat cocked to the side with a peacock feather, red flower in his lapel, often sporting cologne), his serious work made him Robert E. Lee's eyes and ears and inspired Southern morale.
1891. In the Ōtsu incident, Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Imperial Russia (later Nicholas II) suffers a critical head injury during a sword attack by Japanese policeman Tsuda Sanzō. He is rescued by Prince George of Greece and Denmark. He was attacked by Sanzō, one of his escort policemen, who swung at the Tsarevich's face with a saber. The quick action of Nicholas's cousin, Prince George of Greece and Denmark, who parried the second blow with his cane, saved his life. Tsuda then attempted to flee, but two rickshaw drivers in Nicholas's entourage chased him down and pulled him to the ground. Nicholas was left with a 9 centimeter long scar on the right side of his forehead, but his wound was not life-threatening.
Emperor Meiji publicly expressed sorrow at Japan's lack of hospitality towards a state guest, which led to an outpouring of public support and messages of condolences for the Tsarevich. More than 10,000 telegrams were sent wishing the Tsarevich a speedy recovery. One town in Yamagata Prefecture even legally forbade the use of the family name "Tsuda" and the given name "Sanzō". When Nicholas cut his trip to Japan short in spite of Emperor Meiji's apology, a young seamstress, Yuko Hatakeyama, slit her throat with a razor in front of the Kyoto Prefectural Office as an act of public contrition, and soon died in a hospital. Japanese media at the time labeled her as "retsujo" (lit. valiant woman) and praised her patriotism.
Tsuda received a life sentence, was sent to prison near Kushiro, Hokkaidō, and died of an illness in September of the same year.
1907. A derailment outside Lompoc, California kills 32 Shriners when their chartered train jumps off the tracks at a switch near Surf Depot.
1924. Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging the two companies.
1934. A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl in North America. The massive storm sends millions of tons of topsoil flying from across the parched Great Plains region of the United States as far east as New York, Boston and Atlanta. (See picture.)
The Dust Bowl was a series of catastrophic dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s, caused by decades of farming techniques that promoted erosion coupled with severe drought.
At times, the clouds blackened the sky all the way to Chicago, and much of the soil was completely lost into the Atlantic Ocean. This ecological disaster caused an exodus from Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and the surrounding Great Plains, with over 500,000 Americans left homeless. Many Americans migrated west looking for work while many Canadians fled to urban areas like Toronto.
1943. In World War II, American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces. Attu is the westernmost and largest island in the Near Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, making it the westernmost point of land relative to Alaska and the United States. It was the site of the only World War II land battle on United States soil, and its battlefield area is a U.S. National Historic Landmark.
1945. Off the coast of Okinawa during World War II, the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill, is hit by two kamikazes, killing 346 of her crew. Although badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under her own power.
1953. An F5 tornado hits downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114. The Waco Tornado struck at 4:36 p.m. Many people on the streets crowded into local businesses for shelter. However, few of the buildings were constructed sturdily enough to withstand the winds, and they collapsed almost immediately, including the six-story R.T. Dennis furniture store, which crumbled to the ground and killed 30 people inside.
The Waco Tornado remains tied with the 1902 Goliad Tornado as the deadliest in Texas history and the tenth-deadliest in American history. No deadlier single tornado has struck the U.S. since then, making it the worst storm in a half century.
1959. Kookie, Kookie, Lend Me Your Comb by Ed Byrnes and Connie Stevens climbs to #4 on the U.S. pop charts.
1960. The first contraceptive pill is made available on the market.
1961. President John F. Kennedy approves sending 400 Special Forces troops and 100 other U.S. military advisers to South Vietnam. On the same day, he orders the start of clandestine warfare against North Vietnam to be conducted by South Vietnamese agents under the direction and training of the CIA and U.S. Special Forces troops. Kennedy's orders also called for South Vietnamese forces to infiltrate Laos to locate and disrupt communist bases and supply lines there.
1967. Andreas Papandreou, Greek economist and socialist politician, is imprisoned in Athens by the Greek military junta.
1970. The Beatles song The Long and Winding Road is released as a single in the United States. It becomes the group's last number one single in that country.
1970. The Lubbock Tornado, a F5 tornado, hits Lubbock, Texas, killing 26 and causing $250 million in damage.
1978. French supermodel and actress Laetitia Casta is born Laetitia Marie Laure Casta in Pont-Audemer, Normandy. Casta's career reportedly began when she was discovered by a photographer during a family holiday in her father's native Corsica, at age 15.
Casta was the official face of L'Oréal, Dior, and Chanel. She has appeared in and on the cover of Victoria's Secret catalogs, ELLEmagazine, and Vogue magazine. She was featured in Guess? Jeans and Tommy Hilfiger ad campaigns. She also appeared in three consecutive Sports Illustrated swimsuit editions, Rolling Stone, and a Pirelli Tires Calendar. Casta has been credited, along with Tyra Banks, and a few others, with bringing back the notion of the voluptuous model. Casta, whose curvaceousness has been a subject of discussion in the world of fashion, spent her childhood in Normandy and has stated in an interview with ELLE magazine: "I tell people that my breasts are 'Made in Normandy,' from butter and crème fraîche!" (See pictures.)
1984. A transit of Earth from Mars takes place. A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Earth can be seen from Mars as a small black disc moving across the face of the Sun.
No one has ever seen a transit of Earth from Mars, but the next one will take place on November 10, 2084, and could be observed by future Mars colonists.
1987. The first heart-lung transplant takes place in Baltimore, Maryland. The surgery is performed by Dr. Bruce Reitz, of Stanford University School of Medicine.
1996. After the aircraft's departure from Miami, Florida, a fire started by improperly handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades killing all 110 on board.
1997. IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing supercomputer defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player.
2000. The last performance of the musical Cats take place in London's West End. Cats was first shown in London's West End, at the New London Theatre, on May 11, 1981.
Cats is one of the most popular musicals of all time, having been performed around the world in numerous productions. Cats has been translated into more than 20 languages. It held the record as the world's longest running musical until October 8, 2006, when it was surpassed by Les Miserables.
2007. North and South Korea adopt a military agreement, enabling the first train crossing of their border in more than half a century.
2011. At least ten people are killed and dozens injured in the Spanish city of Lorca following a 5.3 magnitude earthquake.
In the Libyan civil war, opposition forces in Misrata claim to have seized the city's airport from forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi while NATO launches four more air strikes on Tripoli.
Meanwhile, two people are arrested in New York City for allegedly planning a terrorist attack.
1924. Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging the two companies.
1934. A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl in North America. The massive storm sends millions of tons of topsoil flying from across the parched Great Plains region of the United States as far east as New York, Boston and Atlanta. (See picture.)
The Dust Bowl was a series of catastrophic dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s, caused by decades of farming techniques that promoted erosion coupled with severe drought.
At times, the clouds blackened the sky all the way to Chicago, and much of the soil was completely lost into the Atlantic Ocean. This ecological disaster caused an exodus from Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and the surrounding Great Plains, with over 500,000 Americans left homeless. Many Americans migrated west looking for work while many Canadians fled to urban areas like Toronto.
1943. In World War II, American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces. Attu is the westernmost and largest island in the Near Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, making it the westernmost point of land relative to Alaska and the United States. It was the site of the only World War II land battle on United States soil, and its battlefield area is a U.S. National Historic Landmark.
1945. Off the coast of Okinawa during World War II, the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill, is hit by two kamikazes, killing 346 of her crew. Although badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under her own power.
1953. An F5 tornado hits downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114. The Waco Tornado struck at 4:36 p.m. Many people on the streets crowded into local businesses for shelter. However, few of the buildings were constructed sturdily enough to withstand the winds, and they collapsed almost immediately, including the six-story R.T. Dennis furniture store, which crumbled to the ground and killed 30 people inside.
The Waco Tornado remains tied with the 1902 Goliad Tornado as the deadliest in Texas history and the tenth-deadliest in American history. No deadlier single tornado has struck the U.S. since then, making it the worst storm in a half century.
1959. Kookie, Kookie, Lend Me Your Comb by Ed Byrnes and Connie Stevens climbs to #4 on the U.S. pop charts.
1960. The first contraceptive pill is made available on the market.
1961. President John F. Kennedy approves sending 400 Special Forces troops and 100 other U.S. military advisers to South Vietnam. On the same day, he orders the start of clandestine warfare against North Vietnam to be conducted by South Vietnamese agents under the direction and training of the CIA and U.S. Special Forces troops. Kennedy's orders also called for South Vietnamese forces to infiltrate Laos to locate and disrupt communist bases and supply lines there.
1967. Andreas Papandreou, Greek economist and socialist politician, is imprisoned in Athens by the Greek military junta.
1970. The Beatles song The Long and Winding Road is released as a single in the United States. It becomes the group's last number one single in that country.
1970. The Lubbock Tornado, a F5 tornado, hits Lubbock, Texas, killing 26 and causing $250 million in damage.
1978. French supermodel and actress Laetitia Casta is born Laetitia Marie Laure Casta in Pont-Audemer, Normandy. Casta's career reportedly began when she was discovered by a photographer during a family holiday in her father's native Corsica, at age 15.
Casta was the official face of L'Oréal, Dior, and Chanel. She has appeared in and on the cover of Victoria's Secret catalogs, ELLEmagazine, and Vogue magazine. She was featured in Guess? Jeans and Tommy Hilfiger ad campaigns. She also appeared in three consecutive Sports Illustrated swimsuit editions, Rolling Stone, and a Pirelli Tires Calendar. Casta has been credited, along with Tyra Banks, and a few others, with bringing back the notion of the voluptuous model. Casta, whose curvaceousness has been a subject of discussion in the world of fashion, spent her childhood in Normandy and has stated in an interview with ELLE magazine: "I tell people that my breasts are 'Made in Normandy,' from butter and crème fraîche!" (See pictures.)
1984. A transit of Earth from Mars takes place. A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Earth can be seen from Mars as a small black disc moving across the face of the Sun.
No one has ever seen a transit of Earth from Mars, but the next one will take place on November 10, 2084, and could be observed by future Mars colonists.
1987. The first heart-lung transplant takes place in Baltimore, Maryland. The surgery is performed by Dr. Bruce Reitz, of Stanford University School of Medicine.
1996. After the aircraft's departure from Miami, Florida, a fire started by improperly handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades killing all 110 on board.
1997. IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing supercomputer defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player.
2000. The last performance of the musical Cats take place in London's West End. Cats was first shown in London's West End, at the New London Theatre, on May 11, 1981.
Cats is one of the most popular musicals of all time, having been performed around the world in numerous productions. Cats has been translated into more than 20 languages. It held the record as the world's longest running musical until October 8, 2006, when it was surpassed by Les Miserables.
2007. North and South Korea adopt a military agreement, enabling the first train crossing of their border in more than half a century.
2011. At least ten people are killed and dozens injured in the Spanish city of Lorca following a 5.3 magnitude earthquake.
In the Libyan civil war, opposition forces in Misrata claim to have seized the city's airport from forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi while NATO launches four more air strikes on Tripoli.
Meanwhile, two people are arrested in New York City for allegedly planning a terrorist attack.
