May 28 is the anniversary of a royal wedding that was supposed to bring peace to two traditional enemies. It is also when a mighty fleet set sail for a rendezvous with defeat and disaster.
585 BC. A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. Since the exact dates of eclipses can be calculated, the Battle of the Eclipse is the earliest historical event of which the date is known with such precision. This is one of the cardinal dates from which other dates can be calculated.
This was the final battle of a fifteen-year war between Alyattes II of Lydia and Cyaxares of the Medes. The battle ended abruptly due to a total solar eclipse; the eclipse was perceived as an omen, indicating that the gods wanted the fighting to stop.
A truce was hastily arranged. As part of the terms of the agreement, Alyattes's daughter Aryenis was married to Cyaxares's son Astyages, and the river Halys was declared to be the border of the two warring nations.
1503. James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor are married by Pope Alexander VI according to Papal Bull. On the same day, England and Scotland sign a "Treaty of Everlasting Friendship" that would last only 10 years.
James IV was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death on 9 September 1513.. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stuart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from the British Isles to be killed in battle.
1533. The Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declares the marriage of King Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn valid.
1588. The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port).
1644. The Bolton Massacre is carried out in England. The Bolton Massacre, sometimes recorded as the Storming of Bolton, was an episode in the English Civil War, in which up to 1,600 of Bolton's defenders and citizens were reportedly slaughtered during and after its storm and capture by the Royalist forces under Prince Rupert of the Rhine,
1754. In the first engagement of the French and Indian War, Virginia militia under 22-year-old Lieutenant Colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania. In a surprise attack, the Virginians killed 10 French soldiers from Fort Duquesne, including the French commander, Coulon de Jumonville, and took 21 prisoners. Only one of Washington's men was killed.
The French and Indian War was the last and most important of a series of colonial conflicts between the British and the American colonists on one side, and the French and their broad network of Native American allies on the other. Fighting began in the spring of 1754, but Britain and France did not officially declare war against each other until May 1756 and the outbreak of the Seven Years War in Europe.
1798. The United States Congress empowers president John Adams to enlist 10,000 men for service in case of a declaration of war or invasion of the country's domain. It also authorizes Adams to instruct commanders of ships-of-war to seize armed French vessels praying upon or attacking American merchantmen about the coast.
1859. Big Ben is drawn on a carriage pulled by 16 horses from Whitechapel Bell Foundry to the Palace of Westminster. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is generally extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. Some believe this extension to be incorrect, but its usage is now entirely commonplace. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of both London and England, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
1860. One of the worst storms ever to hit the region lashes the east coast of England, sinking more than 100 ships and killing at least 40 people.
1863. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, the first African American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts, to fight for the Union in the American Civil War.
The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was one of the first official black units in the United States armed forces, an infantry regiment that fought in the American Civil War. Black troops had fought alongside George Washington in the Revolutionary War and under James Madison in the War of 1812. Those troops, however, were not organized as formal military units and were slaves. The 54th Massachusetts was composed of primarily free men.
The regiment, organized in March 1863 by the Governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, and commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, sprang to life after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation.
The regiment gained international fame on July 18, 1863, when it spearheaded an assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. Of the six hundred men who stormed Fort Wagner, one hundred and sixteen, including Colonel Shaw, were killed. Another hundred and fifty-six were wounded or captured
Although the Union was not able to take and hold the fort, the 54th was widely acclaimed for its valor, and the event helped encourage the further enlistment and mobilization of African-American troops, a key development that President Abraham Lincoln once noted as helping to secure the final victory.
1905. In the Russo-Japanese War, the Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Togo Heihachiro and the Imperial Japanese Navy.
1918. In the first sustained American offensive of World War I, an Allied force including a full brigade of nearly 4,000 United States soldiers captures the village of Cantigny, on the Somme River in France, from their German enemy.
1926. A coup d'etat establishes the Ditadura Nacional in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic.
The Ditadura Nacional (Portuguese for National Dictatorship) was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the 28th May 1926 coup d'état that lasted until the adoption of the new constitution in 1933, when the regime changed its name to Estado Novo (New State).
1937. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, is officially opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, DC., who pushes a button signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the span. (The bridge "unofficially" opened to foot traffic the night before.)
1937. The government of Germany -- then under the control of Adolf Hitler of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party -- forms a new state-owned automobile company, then known as Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH. Later that year, it was renamed simply Volkswagenwerk, or "The People's Car Company."
Originally operated by the German Labor Front, a Nazi organization, Volkswagen was headquartered in Wolfsburg, Germany. In addition to his ambitious campaign to build a network of autobahns and limited access highways across Germany, Hitler's pet project was the development and mass production of an affordable yet still speedy vehicle that could sell for less than 1,000 Reich marks (about $140 at the time). In 1938, at a Nazi rally, the Fuhrer declared: "It is for the broad masses that this car has been built. Its purpose is to answer their transportation needs, and it is intended to give them joy." However, soon after the KdF (Kraft-durch-Freude)-Wagen ("Strength-Through-Joy" car) was displayed for the first time at the Berlin Motor Show in 1939, World War II began, and Volkswagen halted production. After the war ended, with the factory in ruins, the Allies would make Volkswagen the focus of their attempts to resuscitate the German auto industry.
Volkswagen sales in the United States were initially slower than in other parts of the world, due to the car's historic Nazi connections as well as its small size and unusual rounded shape. In 1959, the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach launched a landmark campaign, dubbing the car the "Beetle" and spinning its diminutive size as a distinct advantage to consumers. Over the next several years, VW became the top-selling auto import in the United States.
1940. Belgium surrenders to Germany during World War II. German forces had moved into Belgium on May 10, part of Hitler's initial western offensive. Despite some support by British forces, the Belgians were simply outnumbered and outgunned from the beginning. The first surrender of Belgium territory took place only one day after the invasion, when the defenders of Fort Eben-Emael surrendered.
By May 27, King Leopold III of Belgium, realizing that his army was depleted and that even retreat was no longer an option, sent an emissary through the German lines to request an armistice, a cease-fire. It was rejected. The Germans demanded unconditional surrender. King Leopold refused to flee the country and was taken prisoner by the Nazis during their occupation, and confined to his palace.
1942. In retaliation for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich during World War II, Nazis in Czechoslovakia kill over 1,800 people.
1952. Memphis Kiddie Park opens in Brooklyn, Ohio. The park's Little Dipper roller coaster would become the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America.
1957. National League owners vote unanimously to allow the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers to move to San Francisco and Los Angeles, respectively, at the mid-season owner’s meeting in Chicago, Illinois.
1964. The Palestine Liberation Organization is formed.
1965. Methane gas causes a mine explosion near Dharbad, India, that kills 375 people and injures hundreds more. The blast was so powerful that even workers on the surface of the mine were killed.
1968. Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue is born. A dance-pop singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Minogue rose to prominence in the mid '80s through her role in the Australian television soap opera Neighbours. She began her career as a pop artist in the late '80s. According to Warner Music Australia, Minogue has sold over 65 million records worldwide. (See pictures.)
1974. Northern Ireland's power-sharing Sunningdale Agreement collapses following a general strike by loyalists.
1977. In Southgate, Kentucky, the Beverly Hills Supper Club is engulfed in fire, killing 165 people inside. It is the third deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history.
1982. In the Falklands War, British forces defeat the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green.
1987. 19-year-old West German pilot Mathias Rust evades Soviet Union air defenses and lands a private plane in Red Square in Moscow. He is immediately detained and is not released until August 3, 1988.
1995. The Russian town of Neftegorsk is hit by a 7.6 magnitude earthquake that kills at least 2,000 people -- two-thirds of the total population.
1996. U.S. President Bill Clinton's former business partners in the Whitewater land deal, James McDougal and Susan McDougal, and Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker, are convicted of fraud.
1998. Comic actor Phil Hartman of Saturday Night Live is shot to death at his home in Encino, California, by his wife, Brynn Hartman, who then kills herself.
2002. The Mars Odyssey finds signs of large ice deposits on the planet Mars.
2006. Barry Bonds hits his 715th career home run, surpassing Babe Ruth for second place on the all time list. But the Babe made his without steroids.
2011. 39 people are injured after an express train derails and catches fire in a tunnel on Hokkaido, Japan. Meanwhile, at least 10 people in Germany die after eating cucumbers infected with E.coli.
Elsewhere, ousted President of Egypt Hosni Mubarak receives the first ruling against him, being fined US$34 million for cutting off communications services during the revolution that overthrew him.
585 BC. A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. Since the exact dates of eclipses can be calculated, the Battle of the Eclipse is the earliest historical event of which the date is known with such precision. This is one of the cardinal dates from which other dates can be calculated.
This was the final battle of a fifteen-year war between Alyattes II of Lydia and Cyaxares of the Medes. The battle ended abruptly due to a total solar eclipse; the eclipse was perceived as an omen, indicating that the gods wanted the fighting to stop.
A truce was hastily arranged. As part of the terms of the agreement, Alyattes's daughter Aryenis was married to Cyaxares's son Astyages, and the river Halys was declared to be the border of the two warring nations.
1503. James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor are married by Pope Alexander VI according to Papal Bull. On the same day, England and Scotland sign a "Treaty of Everlasting Friendship" that would last only 10 years.
James IV was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death on 9 September 1513.. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stuart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from the British Isles to be killed in battle.
1533. The Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declares the marriage of King Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn valid.
1588. The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port).
1644. The Bolton Massacre is carried out in England. The Bolton Massacre, sometimes recorded as the Storming of Bolton, was an episode in the English Civil War, in which up to 1,600 of Bolton's defenders and citizens were reportedly slaughtered during and after its storm and capture by the Royalist forces under Prince Rupert of the Rhine,
1754. In the first engagement of the French and Indian War, Virginia militia under 22-year-old Lieutenant Colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania. In a surprise attack, the Virginians killed 10 French soldiers from Fort Duquesne, including the French commander, Coulon de Jumonville, and took 21 prisoners. Only one of Washington's men was killed.
The French and Indian War was the last and most important of a series of colonial conflicts between the British and the American colonists on one side, and the French and their broad network of Native American allies on the other. Fighting began in the spring of 1754, but Britain and France did not officially declare war against each other until May 1756 and the outbreak of the Seven Years War in Europe.
1798. The United States Congress empowers president John Adams to enlist 10,000 men for service in case of a declaration of war or invasion of the country's domain. It also authorizes Adams to instruct commanders of ships-of-war to seize armed French vessels praying upon or attacking American merchantmen about the coast.
1859. Big Ben is drawn on a carriage pulled by 16 horses from Whitechapel Bell Foundry to the Palace of Westminster. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is generally extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. Some believe this extension to be incorrect, but its usage is now entirely commonplace. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of both London and England, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
1860. One of the worst storms ever to hit the region lashes the east coast of England, sinking more than 100 ships and killing at least 40 people.
1863. The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, the first African American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts, to fight for the Union in the American Civil War.
The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was one of the first official black units in the United States armed forces, an infantry regiment that fought in the American Civil War. Black troops had fought alongside George Washington in the Revolutionary War and under James Madison in the War of 1812. Those troops, however, were not organized as formal military units and were slaves. The 54th Massachusetts was composed of primarily free men.
The regiment, organized in March 1863 by the Governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, and commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, sprang to life after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation.
The regiment gained international fame on July 18, 1863, when it spearheaded an assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. Of the six hundred men who stormed Fort Wagner, one hundred and sixteen, including Colonel Shaw, were killed. Another hundred and fifty-six were wounded or captured
Although the Union was not able to take and hold the fort, the 54th was widely acclaimed for its valor, and the event helped encourage the further enlistment and mobilization of African-American troops, a key development that President Abraham Lincoln once noted as helping to secure the final victory.
1905. In the Russo-Japanese War, the Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Togo Heihachiro and the Imperial Japanese Navy.
1918. In the first sustained American offensive of World War I, an Allied force including a full brigade of nearly 4,000 United States soldiers captures the village of Cantigny, on the Somme River in France, from their German enemy.
1926. A coup d'etat establishes the Ditadura Nacional in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic.
The Ditadura Nacional (Portuguese for National Dictatorship) was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the 28th May 1926 coup d'état that lasted until the adoption of the new constitution in 1933, when the regime changed its name to Estado Novo (New State).
1937. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California, is officially opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington, DC., who pushes a button signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the span. (The bridge "unofficially" opened to foot traffic the night before.)
1937. The government of Germany -- then under the control of Adolf Hitler of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party -- forms a new state-owned automobile company, then known as Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH. Later that year, it was renamed simply Volkswagenwerk, or "The People's Car Company."
Originally operated by the German Labor Front, a Nazi organization, Volkswagen was headquartered in Wolfsburg, Germany. In addition to his ambitious campaign to build a network of autobahns and limited access highways across Germany, Hitler's pet project was the development and mass production of an affordable yet still speedy vehicle that could sell for less than 1,000 Reich marks (about $140 at the time). In 1938, at a Nazi rally, the Fuhrer declared: "It is for the broad masses that this car has been built. Its purpose is to answer their transportation needs, and it is intended to give them joy." However, soon after the KdF (Kraft-durch-Freude)-Wagen ("Strength-Through-Joy" car) was displayed for the first time at the Berlin Motor Show in 1939, World War II began, and Volkswagen halted production. After the war ended, with the factory in ruins, the Allies would make Volkswagen the focus of their attempts to resuscitate the German auto industry.
Volkswagen sales in the United States were initially slower than in other parts of the world, due to the car's historic Nazi connections as well as its small size and unusual rounded shape. In 1959, the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach launched a landmark campaign, dubbing the car the "Beetle" and spinning its diminutive size as a distinct advantage to consumers. Over the next several years, VW became the top-selling auto import in the United States.
1940. Belgium surrenders to Germany during World War II. German forces had moved into Belgium on May 10, part of Hitler's initial western offensive. Despite some support by British forces, the Belgians were simply outnumbered and outgunned from the beginning. The first surrender of Belgium territory took place only one day after the invasion, when the defenders of Fort Eben-Emael surrendered.
By May 27, King Leopold III of Belgium, realizing that his army was depleted and that even retreat was no longer an option, sent an emissary through the German lines to request an armistice, a cease-fire. It was rejected. The Germans demanded unconditional surrender. King Leopold refused to flee the country and was taken prisoner by the Nazis during their occupation, and confined to his palace.
1942. In retaliation for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich during World War II, Nazis in Czechoslovakia kill over 1,800 people.
1952. Memphis Kiddie Park opens in Brooklyn, Ohio. The park's Little Dipper roller coaster would become the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America.
1957. National League owners vote unanimously to allow the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers to move to San Francisco and Los Angeles, respectively, at the mid-season owner’s meeting in Chicago, Illinois.
1964. The Palestine Liberation Organization is formed.
1965. Methane gas causes a mine explosion near Dharbad, India, that kills 375 people and injures hundreds more. The blast was so powerful that even workers on the surface of the mine were killed.
1968. Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue is born. A dance-pop singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Minogue rose to prominence in the mid '80s through her role in the Australian television soap opera Neighbours. She began her career as a pop artist in the late '80s. According to Warner Music Australia, Minogue has sold over 65 million records worldwide. (See pictures.)
1974. Northern Ireland's power-sharing Sunningdale Agreement collapses following a general strike by loyalists.
1977. In Southgate, Kentucky, the Beverly Hills Supper Club is engulfed in fire, killing 165 people inside. It is the third deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history.
1982. In the Falklands War, British forces defeat the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green.
1987. 19-year-old West German pilot Mathias Rust evades Soviet Union air defenses and lands a private plane in Red Square in Moscow. He is immediately detained and is not released until August 3, 1988.
1995. The Russian town of Neftegorsk is hit by a 7.6 magnitude earthquake that kills at least 2,000 people -- two-thirds of the total population.
1996. U.S. President Bill Clinton's former business partners in the Whitewater land deal, James McDougal and Susan McDougal, and Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker, are convicted of fraud.
1998. Comic actor Phil Hartman of Saturday Night Live is shot to death at his home in Encino, California, by his wife, Brynn Hartman, who then kills herself.
2002. The Mars Odyssey finds signs of large ice deposits on the planet Mars.
2006. Barry Bonds hits his 715th career home run, surpassing Babe Ruth for second place on the all time list. But the Babe made his without steroids.
2011. 39 people are injured after an express train derails and catches fire in a tunnel on Hokkaido, Japan. Meanwhile, at least 10 people in Germany die after eating cucumbers infected with E.coli.
Elsewhere, ousted President of Egypt Hosni Mubarak receives the first ruling against him, being fined US$34 million for cutting off communications services during the revolution that overthrew him.
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