Anniversary of the popular uprising in the GDR on June 17, 1953!
The people in the GDR rose up against state arbitrariness and oppression. What initially began as an uprising of the Internal link: workers
and with unrest in the countryside developed into nationwide, spontaneous mass protests against the GDR government. The Link has preview popupInternal link: Socialist Unity Party (SED)
violently suppressed the demonstrations with the help of the Soviet military. The popular uprising on June 17, 1953 was the first mass uprising in the Soviet sphere of influence.
The Soviet occupying forces declared a state of emergency in 167 of the 217 rural and urban districts on the afternoon of June 17. Martial law thus prevailed and the Soviet Union assumed supreme command. Demonstrations and meetings were banned. With the help of the GDR police, the Soviet military violently suppressed the uprising. There was a nationwide curfew between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. The Western powers did not intervene.
View attachment 1489438 View attachment 1489439 In Jena, the nearest larger city.
That prompted Bertolt Brecht to compose this gem:
Die Lösung | The Solution |
---|
Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni
Ließ der Sekretär des Schriftstellerverbands
In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen
Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk
Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe
Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit
zurückerobern könne. Wäre es da
Nicht doch einfacher, die Regierung
Löste das Volk auf und
Wählte ein anderes? | After the uprising of the 17th of June
The Secretary of the Writers' Union
Had leaflets distributed on the Stalinallee
Which stated that the people
Had squandered the confidence of the government
And could only win it back
By redoubled work [quotas]. Would it not in that case
Be simpler for the government
To dissolve the people
And elect another? |
Marmalade Riot
In 1953, after the death of Stalin, fermentation and internal party struggle naturally began both in the CPSU and in the GDR. Sabotage on the part of our former allies has sharply increased and - although this is a well-worn expression - subversive activities on the Western side have sharply increased. This has always happened since time immemorial - the death of a leader automatically causes turmoil until the next ruler appears - so “cat on the roof - mice dance” has not changed since prehistoric times.
The reason for the rebellion in East Germany is considered to be the rise in price of the breakfast confiture familiar to the Germans (marmalade, as it was called there). There are many more reasons listed there of similar importance, so they say the masses rebelled. This is being said in all seriousness, and even a very knowledgeable person confidently told me that the Germans couldn’t live without marmalade, that’s why there was unrest... (I’ll note that our citizens wouldn’t refuse marmalade either, but we always try to appease strangers and feed at the expense of our own, our people lived, perhaps, more meagerly than the Germans), and if you look more broadly... It’s not a matter of marmalade.
I have already seen enough with my own eyes that without a serious organization - and a mandatory party of rebellion - that is, a group of like-minded people, which includes financiers and organizers and militants and propagandists, without powerful financial and material - including weapons - injections - there were no popular unrest and will not be. And when unrest begins simultaneously in a dozen cities, as if on cue, this means that there was a signal and that these unrest have a headquarters.
If someone starts telling you that the exhausted masses just got up and started rebelling, spit in the scoundrel’s face. Without serious organization there will be no revolt. Maybe in one village they'll make some noise. But not simultaneously in a dozen cities. But in Germany everything was serious, and not only the guys from the USA and Britain added fuel to the fire there, but also the local communists, who were eager to bring down Ulbricht. And Ulbricht himself had a bloody nose and had to eliminate the opposition and competitors. The ball of snakes there was plump. Fortunately, the jackpot was good - after all, a quarter of Germany.
The Bolsheviks stepped on their own rake - they say, the people cannot make mistakes, the proletariat is certainly progressive and therefore they need to be gentler and more tactful towards this public. Again, foreigners - the not very well-fed USSR generously fed Poland and the Czech Republic and the same GDR and Hungary. What supported in these countries self-confident pride and confidence in their superiority over these wild Russians. And it burped very strongly later. Since they didn’t kick their ass and didn’t decimate the peoples who fought against the USSR, and they didn’t execute thousands of war criminals, it means that the Europeans have no guilt. Therefore, there is absolutely no guilt, there is nothing to be afraid of. But the USSR has a lot of responsibilities. Conquered, occupiers - that means feed to your fill.
Citizens in the GDR very quickly forgot their panic horror of the Red Army, which, by the way, was completely justified - because for their antics on our territory and after unconditional surrender, ours had every right to completely liquidate all Germans or - as the allies proposed - at least castrate all men. But the USSR behaved so delicately that after 8 years the Germans began quite confidently shouting “Ivan, get out!”
(I note that our allies completely gave the Germans a hard time and the public paid for such antics there by and large - it is enough to mention, for example, Remer - the officer who thwarted the coup in 1944 according to the Valkyrie plan, only for what he believed that Germany and the USSR should be friendly, and not dance to the American tune - he immediately went to prison. And there were many such examples, and speaking in the square would have been generally unacceptable).
Well, the communists tried to overcome with kindness and humanism.
The result is known.
The rebellion grew. Ours brought tanks into the streets. But - damn, how sick and tired of this stupid humanism is for all kinds of bastard - shooting was categorically forbidden, crushing with tanks was also forbidden, and even assault was forbidden.
“There were also strikes and demonstrations in other East German cities and regions. Their centers were primarily the Central German industrial region with the cities of Bitterfeld, Halle, Leipzig and Merseburg and the Magdeburg region, and to a lesser extent the regions of Jena-Gera, Brandenburg and Görlitz. There were active rallies in Magdeburg, Görlitz and Dresden. In Magdeburg, demonstrators stormed the Neustadt detention center and released 211 prisoners, including ordinary criminals. In total, about 1,400 prisoners were released from 12 German prisons. Between 3 and 4 million East Germans took part in the unrest. According to recent studies, demonstrations and strikes took place in no less than 701 localities of the GDR" (c).
“According to official sources, 17 SED functionaries were killed and 166 wounded” (c).
Peaceful demonstrations, yes. Well, our losses are classified as always.
“The slogans of the demonstrators were: “Down with
government! Down with the People's Police! “We don’t want to be slaves, we want to be free!” The crowd began to destroy police stations, buildings of party and government agencies, burn kiosks with communist newspapers, and destroy symbols of communist power." (c)
In general, familiar training manuals and familiar slogans.
I’m terribly interested in who these fighters for marmalade were in 1945... And the Americans and the British sharply increased their army contingents on the border - just before the rebellion. Purely by chance. Transition point between sectors. The mass of fighters for marmalade turned out to be from the Western sectors.
And yes, for a minute - a working day, working hours - and so many young, healthy citizens at the demonstration...
“According to Soviet intelligence, even on the eve of the massive June demonstrations, the number of American and British military personnel in Germany increased by 12,000 people. With the start of the rallies, tanks, armored personnel carriers and other heavy military equipment began to gather en masse within the borders of the GDR. The American radio station RIAS also moved to the border “, a broad propaganda campaign was launched against the “socialist order” in the GDR. The USSR High Commissioner in the GDR, Vladimir Semenov, informed Moscow: “C-47 military transport aircraft fly over a number of Soviet objects every day at low altitudes, from which leaflets containing hostile messages are dropped. attacks on the Soviet Armed Forces and socialist construction in East Germany"
They are children throwing stones at Soviet tanks. Some children break antennas on tanks, disrupting communications. There are many such photographs. That is, it was coordinated, people were prepared.
As always, ours cannot shoot at our proletarian brothers. And you can’t even beat someone who is particularly arrogant.