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Public Executions In The Arena

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Gabriel Roman arena 212.1-.jpg

CANDIDA OF CARTHAGE WHIPPED TO DEATH

"Little is known about Candida except that she lived at Carthage, in Northern Africa, and belonged to a group of Christians who were tortured and killed because of their faith under the emperor Maximian. According to some old reports, she was stripped, bound to a pillar and then flogged to death."


 

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Top-Cat said:
Artist: Benitezdk. Serie: Unwise Behaviour - 01
Click to expand...
Top-Cat said:
Artist: Benitezdk. Serie: Unwise Behaviour - 02
Click to expand...

A nice touch in this series is the way she has to hold the whip between her thighs
when her (female) Executioner is busy shackling her, and when she's nailing her :devil:
 
Seating at the Colosseum - Social Structure

The Seating at the Colosseum was divided into four main sections containing wedges of seating stretching up and back from the edge of the arena (see the above plan). The areas of seating reflected the social status of the occupant in Roman society. The Patricians and Plebeians were originally the only two classes of Romans but then the Equites or Knights were added. The Equites belonged to the social class that was just below the level of senator, they had control over administration and finance. Where a person sat in the Colosseum and the style of dress worn marked out immediately to fellow Roman citizens precisely their position in Roman social hierarchy. In c20 BC the Emperor Augustus introduced an edict called the Lex Iulia Theatralis which stipulated the seating arrangement of all the different classes in public places like theatres, amphitheatres and circuses. These rules were enforced all over the Empire and at the same time he also banned women from public spectacles (although this was relaxed later).

Seating at the Colosseum - Tiers of Seating
Each of the four sectors had tiers of seating:
  • The first tier, called the Podium (meaning place of honor), was reserved for the most important Romans - the Emperor, the Vestal Virgins, the important priests and members of the Roman Government including the Roman Senators. The Podium was like a flat platform, or terrace, measuring 15ft wide
  • 2nd Tier - Maenianum primum: This seating was reserved for the non-senatorial noble class called the Equites, or knights consisting of fourteen rows of stone or marble seats
  • 3rd Tier was originally reserved for ordinary Roman citizens, the plebeians. Seating was then divided into two sections:
    • Maenianum secundum imum - the better, lower seats for the wealthy plebeians
    • Maenianum secundum summum - the upper seats for the poor plebeians
  • 4th Tier - Maenianum summum in ligneis: Consisted of steep wooden seats which were set up in the gallery running around the very top wall of the amphitheatre which were added during the reign of Domitian
    • This would seat common women
    • Slaves were strictly forbidden from the Colosseum
  • Standing Room - there was standing room in the top tier and in the aisles
  • Some groups were banned from the Colosseum including actors, gravediggers and former gladiators
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The Rules that Governed the Vestal Virgins

The number of the vestal virgins totalled 18 at any one time - six were novices, six were practising priestesses and six were tutors. Vestals were admitted as children between the years of six and ten. These novices were selected from only the best Patrician families. The chief rules prescribed by their founder, were to vow the strictest chastity for the space of thirty years. For the first ten years they were only novices, being obliged to learn the ceremonies and perfect themselves in the duties of their religion. For the next ten years they discharged the duties of the priestesses of the goddess Vesta. The remaining ten years were spent in instructing others. At the end of her service a Vestal might return to private life or even marry - she was free from the dominance of any male relatives.

The Penalty for Breaking the Vow of Virginity

If a Vestal Virgin broke her vow of virginity, she was buried alive (in some cases after being publicly scourged) in a place outside the city walls which was allotted for that purpose. The terror of such a terrible fate had the desired effect as there were only eighteen instances of vestals breaking their vow of chastity during the space of one thousand years.

Vestal Virgins mix01.jpg


 
Gabriel Roman arena 214.1-.jpg

LAURENTIA DOMITILLA PUBLICLY SCOURGED IN THE ARENA BEFORE BEING GIVEN TO THE BEASTS

“Laurentia Domitilla was a Roman noble matrona, the wife of a Senator: Nummius Senecio Albinus. She had sincere affection for her young slave Quirina,who was a Christian. During the persecution of Alexander Severus Quintina was arrested andburnedalive as a Christian rebel. Laurentia Domitilla tried to recover Quirina’s ashes, but she was seen , so many people started suspecting she was a Christian too. She was asked to he make a sacrifice to the god Apollo, but she refused and made the sign of the cross instead. She died in 229. As a Roman citizen she was entitled to a quick death, but her husband repudiated her and ordered that she be put to death as a slave. The following day she was led to the arena, scourged and finally given to lions and tigers.”

Laurentia Domitilla.jpg
 
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