November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in
leap years) in the
Gregorian calendar. There are 42 days remaining until the end of the year.
Today
·
461 –
Libius Severus is declared emperor of the
Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the
magister militumRicimer.
·
636 – The
Rashidun Caliphate defeated the
Sasanian Empire at the
Battle of al-Qādisiyyah in
Iraq.
·
1095 – The
Council of Clermont, called by
Pope Urban II to discuss sending the
First Crusade to the
Holy Land, begins.
·
1493 –
Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed
Puerto Rico).
·
1794 – The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign
Jay's Treaty, which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the
American Revolutionary War.
·
1816 –
Warsaw University is established.
·
1847 – The second Canadian railway line, the
Montreal and
Lachine Railway, is opened.
·
1863 –
American Civil War: U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln delivers the
Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
·
1881 – A
meteorite lands near the village of Grossliebenthal, southwest of
Odessa, Ukraine.
·
1885 –
Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the
Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the
Principality of Bulgaria and
Eastern Rumelia.
·
1911 – The
Doom Bar in
Cornwall claimed two ships,
Island Maid and
Angele, the latter killing the entire crew except the captain.
·
1912 –
First Balkan War: The Serbian Army
captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of
Macedonia.
·
1916 –
Samuel Goldwyn and
Edgar Selwyn establish
Goldwyn Pictures.
·
1941 –
World War II:
Battle between HMASSydneyand HSKKormoran. The two ships sink each other off the coast of Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and about 77
German seamen.
·
1942 – World War II:
Battle of Stalingrad:
Soviet Union forces under General
Georgy Zhukov launch the
Operation Uranus counterattacks at
Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
· 1942 –
Mutesa II is crowned the 35th and last
Kabaka (king) of
Buganda, prior to the restoration of the kingdom in 1993.
·
1943 – Holocaust:
Nazis liquidate
Janowska concentration camp in Lemberg (
Lviv), western Ukraine, murdering at least 6,000 Jews after a failed uprising and mass escape attempt.
·
1944 – World War II: U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the 6th War Loan Drive, aimed at selling US$14 billion in
war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
· 1944 – World War II: Thirty members of the
Luxembourgish resistance defend the town of
Vianden against a larger
Waffen-SS attack in the
Battle of Vianden.
·
1946 –
Afghanistan,
Iceland and Sweden join the
United Nations.
·
1950 – US General
Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes Supreme Commander of
NATO-Europe.
·
1952 – Greek Field Marshal
Alexander Papagos becomes the 152nd
Prime Minister of Greece.
·
1954 –
Télé Monte Carlo, Europe's oldest private television channel, is launched by Prince
Rainier III.
·
1955 –
National Review publishes its first issue.
·
1959 – The
Ford Motor Company announces the discontinuation of the unpopular
Edsel.
·
1967 – The establishment of
TVB, the first wireless commercial
television station in Hong Kong.
·
1969 –
Apollo program:
Apollo 12 astronauts
Pete Conrad and
Alan Bean land at
Oceanus Procellarum (the "Ocean of Storms") and become the third and fourth
humans to walk on the
Moon.
· 1969 –
Association football player
Pelé scores his 1,000th goal.
·
1977 –
TAP Portugal Flight 425 crashes in the
Madeira Islands, killing 131.
·
1979 –
Iran hostage crisis:
Iranian leader
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the
US Embassy in Tehran.
·
1984 –
San Juanico disaster: A series of explosions at the
Pemex petroleum storage facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec in Mexico City starts a major fire and kills about 500 people.
·
1985 –
Cold War: In
Geneva, U.S. President
Ronald Reagan and
Soviet Union leader
Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
· 1985 –
Pennzoil wins a US$10.53 billion judgment against
Texaco, in the
largest civil verdict in the history of the United States, stemming from Texaco executing a contract to buy
Getty Oil after Pennzoil had entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty.
· 1985 – Police in
Baling, Malaysia,
lay siege to houses occupied by an Islamic sect of about 400 people led by Ibrahim Mahmud.
·
1988 –
Serbian communist representative and future Serbian and
Yugoslav president
Slobodan Milošević publicly declares that
Serbia is under attack from
Albanian separatists in
Kosovo as well as internal treachery within
Yugoslavia and a foreign conspiracy to destroy Serbia and Yugoslavia.
·
1990 –
Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their
Grammy Award because the duo did not sing at all on the
Girl You Know It's True album.
Session musicianshad provided all the vocals.
·
1994 – In the United Kingdom, the first
National Lottery draw is held. A £1 ticket gave a one-in-14-million chance of correctly guessing the winning six out of 49 numbers.
·
1996 – Lt. Gen.
Maurice Baril of Canada arrives in Africa to lead a multi-national policing force in
Zaire.
·
1998 –
Lewinsky scandal: The
United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins
impeachment hearings against U.S. President
Bill Clinton.
· 1998 –
Vincent van Gogh's
Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for US$71.5 million.
·
1999 –
Shenzhou 1: The People's Republic of China launches its first
Shenzhou spacecraft.
·
2002 – The Greek
oil tanker Prestige splits in half and sinks off the coast of
Galicia, releasing over 20 million US gallons (76,000 m³) of oil in the
largest environmental disaster in Spanish and Portuguese history.
·
2004 – The
Malice at the Palace: The worst brawl in NBA history,
Ron Artest suspended 86 games (rest of season),
Stephen Jackson suspended 30 games
·
2010 – The first of
four explosions takes place at the
Pike River Mine in New Zealand; 29 people are killed in the nation's worst mining disaster since 1914.
·
2013 – A
double suicide bombing at the
Iranian embassy in
Beirut kills 23 people and injures 160 others.