Well, thank you for your request.
To answer your questions, I'll take them in order. First, I would estimate she received about a dozen lashes with a heavy whip, like a bull whip. Secondly, I would guess she was in her early to mid-twenties. Third, the ropes were obviously added by an illustrator and really serve no purpose here. Most crucifixions that I have seen the ropes around the arms fasten them to the patibulum with the arms spread out wide. Fourth, the nails at the wrist appear to penetrate at the wrist where the bones of the hand and those of the forearm meet. Finally, the feet are placed one on top of the other, and the nail is driven through both in the center of the foot where the toes meet the foot bones. The nail should have been higher up in the middle of the foot. I have always used ropes, and I should point out that I was never nailed to a cross, and strongly recommend that no one actually try it. I have been in the position with one foot over the other, and side by side. It didn't seem to make a difference to me, however with the ankles tied to the sides of the stipes, you are more exposed, as well as it seemed a little more difficult to push up with your legs. You get more leverage with your feet against the stipes, I feel. I hope this answers your questions. If you have more, Shutter, feel free to ask.
That's an amazing explanation my friend! Perfect!
I am the one who modified the image, and to be precise, i added the ropes for the simple fact (apart from the fact that i really like them aesthetically), that the nails were driven precisely into the palms of her hands, so without ropes, her nailed hands would not fully support her body weight, while with her wrists nailed they would. So the ropes serve to support her more and... also to prolong her agony.
Her feet have a wooden platform as a support, typical in most cases of Roman crucifixions.
And yes, the nail was driven particularly close to her toes (something I love).
She was flogged with the flagrum, tied to the high flogging column with her arms raised and tied by the wrists with handcuffs of iron chains. Her arms were respectively positioned one on the left side of the column and the other therefore on the right side. And therefore with her facing towards the flogging column. She was whipped by two lictors positioned respectively one on her right side and the other on her left, alternating the lashes to her. After just 5/6 flagrum strokes she said that she was feeling very bad and therefore saying that she could not bear it any longer, but the lictors continued to flog her causing her to faint twice almost consecutively, at stroke 17 and stroke 23.
Yes, she was 24 years old. She also fainted from the pain at the precise moment that her feet were nailed, caused by hypovolemic shock for the blood loss.
While I was watching the executioners nail her, a lot of blood came out of her feet, something I have seen very few times in other executions. She continued to bleed for hours, and died shortly thereafter. Even after she died, and before they took her down from the cross, a little blood still came out of the wound from the nail on her feet.
Questions:
- What could have caused this heavy bleeding in her feet?
- What do you think about the nail that was driven precisely near her toes?
- (I'll add a little more to the story, just for fun)... even if in ancient Rome it wasn't like in our times, with different footwear, etc., it's normal that even after centuries, a person could have a very similar and in some ways identical odor to a person who lives today. So, going back to our story, one of the executioners of the crucifixion was very close while he was nailing her feet and says they smelled a little like vinegar. What do you think was the cause of her smelly feet?